See laiwarikǭ on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for laiwarikǭ meaning in All languages combined (5.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*laiwarikā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *laiwarikā, *laiwaʀikā\nOld English: lāwerce, lǣwerce, lāwriċe, lāferċe\nMiddle English: larke, laverche, laveroc, laverke, laverock, leverock, lerke, livroche, laverok\nEnglish: lark, laverock, lavrock\nScots: lark, lork, laveirk, laverok\nYola: lereke, lerock\nOld Frisian: *lēwerke, *lēwertze, *lertze\nNorth Frisian: lāsk (<? *laiwaʀikā)\nSaterland Frisian: Läiverke, Leeuwerke\nWest Frisian: ljurk, lartse, larts, lerts, ljurts\nOld Saxon: lēwerka\nMiddle Low German: lêwerike, lêwerke, lêrke\nGerman Low German: Leverke, Leverk\nOld Dutch: *leiwerka, *lēwerka\nMiddle Dutch: lewerke, leeuwerke, liewerick, lewerijck, lewerick\nDutch: leeuwerik\n→ West Frisian: ljurk\nOld High German: lērihha\nMiddle High German: lērche, lërche, lērhe\nGerman: Lerche\nLuxembourgish: Léierchen\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: *laverca (← Suevic *lawerka or Visigothic *𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌺𐍉 (*laiwarkō))\nGalician: laverca\nPortuguese: laverca",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *laiwarikā, *laiwaʀikā\nOld English: lāwerce, lǣwerce, lāwriċe, lāferċe\nMiddle English: larke, laverche, laveroc, laverke, laverock, leverock, lerke, livroche, laverok\nEnglish: lark, laverock, lavrock\nScots: lark, lork, laveirk, laverok\nYola: lereke, lerock\nOld Frisian: *lēwerke, *lēwertze, *lertze\nNorth Frisian: lāsk (<? *laiwaʀikā)\nSaterland Frisian: Läiverke, Leeuwerke\nWest Frisian: ljurk, lartse, larts, lerts, ljurts\nOld Saxon: lēwerka\nMiddle Low German: lêwerike, lêwerke, lêrke\nGerman Low German: Leverke, Leverk\nOld Dutch: *leiwerka, *lēwerka\nMiddle Dutch: lewerke, leeuwerke, liewerick, lewerijck, lewerick\nDutch: leeuwerik\n→ West Frisian: ljurk\nOld High German: lērihha\nMiddle High German: lērche, lërche, lērhe\nGerman: Lerche\nLuxembourgish: Léierchen\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: *laverca (← Suevic *lawerka or Visigothic *𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌺𐍉 (*laiwarkō))\nGalician: laverca\nPortuguese: laverca"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lævirki",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: lævirki m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: lævirki m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lævirki"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: lævirki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: lævirki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "lerkur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: lerkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: lerkur (< Danish ?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lerke"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: lerke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: lerke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "lærikia"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: lærikia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: lærikia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lärka"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: lärka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: lärka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lærke"
},
"expansion": "Danish: lærke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: lærke"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*alauda",
"3": "",
"4": "skylark"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *alauda (“skylark”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "alauda",
"3": "",
"4": "lark"
},
"expansion": "Latin alauda (“lark”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from earlier *laiwazikǭ, a diminutive of *laiwaz (“lark”). Further origin uncertain.\nAccording to Kuiper, from a European substratum (substrate) word, possibly a Celto-Germanic root shared with Gaulish *alauda (“skylark”); compare Latin alauda (“lark”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laiwarikǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lark"
],
"id": "en-laiwarikǭ-gem-pro-noun-yJFuZeQf",
"links": [
[
"lark",
"lark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "laiwazikǭ"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑi̯.wɑ.ri.kɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "laiwarikǭ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*laiwarikā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *laiwarikā, *laiwaʀikā\nOld English: lāwerce, lǣwerce, lāwriċe, lāferċe\nMiddle English: larke, laverche, laveroc, laverke, laverock, leverock, lerke, livroche, laverok\nEnglish: lark, laverock, lavrock\nScots: lark, lork, laveirk, laverok\nYola: lereke, lerock\nOld Frisian: *lēwerke, *lēwertze, *lertze\nNorth Frisian: lāsk (<? *laiwaʀikā)\nSaterland Frisian: Läiverke, Leeuwerke\nWest Frisian: ljurk, lartse, larts, lerts, ljurts\nOld Saxon: lēwerka\nMiddle Low German: lêwerike, lêwerke, lêrke\nGerman Low German: Leverke, Leverk\nOld Dutch: *leiwerka, *lēwerka\nMiddle Dutch: lewerke, leeuwerke, liewerick, lewerijck, lewerick\nDutch: leeuwerik\n→ West Frisian: ljurk\nOld High German: lērihha\nMiddle High German: lērche, lërche, lērhe\nGerman: Lerche\nLuxembourgish: Léierchen\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: *laverca (← Suevic *lawerka or Visigothic *𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌺𐍉 (*laiwarkō))\nGalician: laverca\nPortuguese: laverca",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *laiwarikā, *laiwaʀikā\nOld English: lāwerce, lǣwerce, lāwriċe, lāferċe\nMiddle English: larke, laverche, laveroc, laverke, laverock, leverock, lerke, livroche, laverok\nEnglish: lark, laverock, lavrock\nScots: lark, lork, laveirk, laverok\nYola: lereke, lerock\nOld Frisian: *lēwerke, *lēwertze, *lertze\nNorth Frisian: lāsk (<? *laiwaʀikā)\nSaterland Frisian: Läiverke, Leeuwerke\nWest Frisian: ljurk, lartse, larts, lerts, ljurts\nOld Saxon: lēwerka\nMiddle Low German: lêwerike, lêwerke, lêrke\nGerman Low German: Leverke, Leverk\nOld Dutch: *leiwerka, *lēwerka\nMiddle Dutch: lewerke, leeuwerke, liewerick, lewerijck, lewerick\nDutch: leeuwerik\n→ West Frisian: ljurk\nOld High German: lērihha\nMiddle High German: lērche, lërche, lērhe\nGerman: Lerche\nLuxembourgish: Léierchen\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: *laverca (← Suevic *lawerka or Visigothic *𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌺𐍉 (*laiwarkō))\nGalician: laverca\nPortuguese: laverca"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lævirki",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: lævirki m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: lævirki m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lævirki"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: lævirki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: lævirki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "lerkur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: lerkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: lerkur (< Danish ?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lerke"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: lerke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: lerke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "lærikia"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: lærikia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: lærikia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lärka"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: lärka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: lärka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lærke"
},
"expansion": "Danish: lærke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: lærke"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*alauda",
"3": "",
"4": "skylark"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *alauda (“skylark”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "alauda",
"3": "",
"4": "lark"
},
"expansion": "Latin alauda (“lark”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from earlier *laiwazikǭ, a diminutive of *laiwaz (“lark”). Further origin uncertain.\nAccording to Kuiper, from a European substratum (substrate) word, possibly a Celto-Germanic root shared with Gaulish *alauda (“skylark”); compare Latin alauda (“lark”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laiwarikōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laiwarikǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic ōn-stem nouns",
"gem-pro:Perching birds"
],
"glosses": [
"lark"
],
"links": [
[
"lark",
"lark"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑi̯.wɑ.ri.kɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "laiwazikǭ"
}
],
"word": "laiwarikǭ"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.