See lācis on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lācene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lācēns"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lācītis"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*talk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *talk-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tel-k-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tel-k-",
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{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂ŕ̥tḱos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ursus"
},
"expansion": "Latin ursus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄρκτος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄρκτος (árktos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ऋक्ष",
"tr": "ṛ́kṣa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛ́kṣa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bat"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lokỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian lokỹs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "clokis",
"tr": "klokis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian clokis (klokis)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "łukas"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian łukas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "топтыгин",
"3": "",
"4": "bear, lit. trampler, stomper"
},
"expansion": "Russian топтыгин (toptygin, “bear, lit. trampler, stomper”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *lākis via palatalization, from Proto-Baltic *talk-, *tlāk- (with reduction of the “difficult” cluster tl to l), from Proto-Indo-European *tel-k-, *tl-ek- (“to push, to hit, to kick, to trample”). The original meaning of this word was therefore “trampler,” “stomper,” “pounder,” showing that it was a descriptive term that replaced (probably for taboo reasons) an earlier word for “bear” (cf. Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos, whence Latin ursus, Ancient Greek ἄρκτος (árktos), Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛ́kṣa)), which left no traces in Baltic. (An earlier theory, which related lācis to the verb lakt “to drink,” i.e., the “(honey) drinker,” is not reconcilable with the Old Prussian cognate.) Cognates include Lithuanian lokỹs, Old Prussian clokis (klokis) (< *tlokis; cf. place names like Tlokumpelk (“bear swamp”)), Sudovian łukas. Compare Russian топтыгин (toptygin, “bear, lit. trampler, stomper”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2nd declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lācis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lāči",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lāci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lāčus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lāča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lāču",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lācim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lāčiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lāci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lāčiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lācī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lāčos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lāci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lāči",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lācis m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "2nd"
},
"expansion": "lācis m (2nd declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "is",
"3": "2nd",
"4": "",
"5": "c",
"6": "č",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
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{
"args": {
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"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lācis",
"10": "lāčiem",
"11": "lācī",
"12": "lāčos",
"13": "lāci",
"14": "lāči",
"2": "lāči",
"3": "lāci",
"4": "lāčus",
"5": "lāča",
"6": "lāču",
"7": "lācim",
"8": "lāčiem",
"9": "lāci",
"type": "2nd declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "lv:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Ursids",
"orig": "lv:Ursids",
"parents": [
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bear's lair",
"text": "lāča midzenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "white bear",
"text": "baltais lācis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "polar (lit. ice) bear",
"text": "ledus lācis, leduslācis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to hunt bears",
"text": "medīt lāčus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "strong, big as a bear",
"text": "stiprs, liels kā lācis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bear's sleep (= long and tight)",
"text": "lāča miegs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "s/he sleeps like a bear",
"text": "guļ kā lācis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the weight of a brown bear can be several hundred kilograms (usually around 250 kg)",
"text": "brūnā lāča svars var būt vairākus simtus kilogramu (parasti ap 250 kg)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bear (mammal, especially Ursus arctos)"
],
"id": "en-lācis-lv-noun-fHkee~rG",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"Ursus arctos",
"Ursus arctos#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a couple stopped dancing after having just begun: darling, on the dance floor you are only (= simply) a bear",
"text": "pāris izbeidz deju, tikko sācis: dārgais, dejas laukumā jūs tomēr tikai lācis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Dāviene at first resisted with all her might, but how long can one hold against such a bear?",
"text": "Dāviene no sākuma pretojās visiem spēkiem, bet cik ilgi cilvēks pret tādu lāci noturēsies",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bear (a clumsy, sluggish, heavy person; also, a very strong, heavily built person)"
],
"id": "en-lācis-lv-noun-SmBgN4AJ",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"clumsy",
"clumsy#English"
],
[
"sluggish",
"sluggish#English"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#English"
],
[
"very",
"very#English"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"heavily",
"heavily#English"
],
[
"built",
"build#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) bear (a clumsy, sluggish, heavy person; also, a very strong, heavily built person)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lâːtsis]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-lācis.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/Lv-riga-l%C4%81cis.ogg/Lv-riga-l%C4%81cis.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Lv-riga-l%C4%81cis.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "lācis"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian second declension nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian words with broken intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Mammals",
"lv:Ursids"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lācene"
},
{
"word": "lācēns"
},
{
"word": "lācītis"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*talk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *talk-",
"name": "inh"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ऋक्ष",
"tr": "ṛ́kṣa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛ́kṣa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bat"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lokỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian lokỹs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "clokis",
"tr": "klokis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian clokis (klokis)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "łukas"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian łukas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "топтыгин",
"3": "",
"4": "bear, lit. trampler, stomper"
},
"expansion": "Russian топтыгин (toptygin, “bear, lit. trampler, stomper”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *lākis via palatalization, from Proto-Baltic *talk-, *tlāk- (with reduction of the “difficult” cluster tl to l), from Proto-Indo-European *tel-k-, *tl-ek- (“to push, to hit, to kick, to trample”). The original meaning of this word was therefore “trampler,” “stomper,” “pounder,” showing that it was a descriptive term that replaced (probably for taboo reasons) an earlier word for “bear” (cf. Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos, whence Latin ursus, Ancient Greek ἄρκτος (árktos), Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛ́kṣa)), which left no traces in Baltic. (An earlier theory, which related lācis to the verb lakt “to drink,” i.e., the “(honey) drinker,” is not reconcilable with the Old Prussian cognate.) Cognates include Lithuanian lokỹs, Old Prussian clokis (klokis) (< *tlokis; cf. place names like Tlokumpelk (“bear swamp”)), Sudovian łukas. Compare Russian топтыгин (toptygin, “bear, lit. trampler, stomper”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2nd declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lācis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lāči",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lāci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lāčus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lāča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lāču",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lācim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lāčiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lāci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lāčiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lācī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lāčos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lāci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lāči",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lācis m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "2nd"
},
"expansion": "lācis m (2nd declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lā",
"2": "is",
"3": "2nd",
"4": "",
"5": "c",
"6": "č",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "is",
"4": "",
"5": "c",
"6": "č",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lācis",
"10": "lāčiem",
"11": "lācī",
"12": "lāčos",
"13": "lāci",
"14": "lāči",
"2": "lāči",
"3": "lāci",
"4": "lāčus",
"5": "lāča",
"6": "lāču",
"7": "lācim",
"8": "lāčiem",
"9": "lāci",
"type": "2nd declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bear's lair",
"text": "lāča midzenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "white bear",
"text": "baltais lācis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "polar (lit. ice) bear",
"text": "ledus lācis, leduslācis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to hunt bears",
"text": "medīt lāčus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "strong, big as a bear",
"text": "stiprs, liels kā lācis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bear's sleep (= long and tight)",
"text": "lāča miegs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "s/he sleeps like a bear",
"text": "guļ kā lācis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the weight of a brown bear can be several hundred kilograms (usually around 250 kg)",
"text": "brūnā lāča svars var būt vairākus simtus kilogramu (parasti ap 250 kg)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bear (mammal, especially Ursus arctos)"
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"Ursus arctos",
"Ursus arctos#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a couple stopped dancing after having just begun: darling, on the dance floor you are only (= simply) a bear",
"text": "pāris izbeidz deju, tikko sācis: dārgais, dejas laukumā jūs tomēr tikai lācis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Dāviene at first resisted with all her might, but how long can one hold against such a bear?",
"text": "Dāviene no sākuma pretojās visiem spēkiem, bet cik ilgi cilvēks pret tādu lāci noturēsies",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bear (a clumsy, sluggish, heavy person; also, a very strong, heavily built person)"
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"clumsy",
"clumsy#English"
],
[
"sluggish",
"sluggish#English"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#English"
],
[
"very",
"very#English"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"heavily",
"heavily#English"
],
[
"built",
"build#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) bear (a clumsy, sluggish, heavy person; also, a very strong, heavily built person)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lâːtsis]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-lācis.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/Lv-riga-l%C4%81cis.ogg/Lv-riga-l%C4%81cis.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Lv-riga-l%C4%81cis.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:lācis"
],
"word": "lācis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lācis meaning in All languages combined (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.