See kwep- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kwep- meaning in All languages combined (15.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kwḗp-ti ~ *kwép-n̥ti",
"pos": "root athematic Narten present"
},
"expansion": "*kwḗp-ti ~ *kwép-n̥ti (root athematic Narten present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kwḗp-ti ~ *kwép-n̥ti (root athematic Narten present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kwḗptei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kwḗptei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kwḗptei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kvêpt",
"t": "to smell"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kvêpt (“to smell”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "partially",
"2": "sta-present"
},
"expansion": "(partially, sta-present)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kvêpt (“to smell”) (partially, sta-present)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kvêpêt",
"der": "1",
"t": "to smoke"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latvian: kvêpêt (“to smoke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latvian: kvêpêt (“to smoke”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kvė̃pti",
"t": "to smell"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kvė̃pti (“to smell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kvė̃pti (“to smell”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kúp-ye-ti",
"pos": "0-grade denominal ye-present"
},
"expansion": "*kúp-ye-ti (0-grade denominal ye-present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kúp-ye-ti (0-grade denominal ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kúpyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kúpyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kúpyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kúpyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kúpyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kúpyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कुप्यति",
"tr": "kúpyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कुप्यति (kúpyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कुप्यति (kúpyati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kup-/*kūp-eh₁(-yé)-ti",
"pos": "secondary essive"
},
"expansion": "*kup-/*kūp-eh₁(-yé)-ti (secondary essive)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kup-/*kūp-eh₁(-yé)-ti (secondary essive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kūpḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūpḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūpḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kupêt",
"t": "to seethe"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kupêt (“to seethe”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kupêt (“to seethe”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kūpėti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kūpėti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kūpėti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kypěti",
"t": "to boil up, to seethe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kypěti (“to boil up, to seethe”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kypěti (“to boil up, to seethe”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kubreti",
"t": "to wish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kubreti (“to wish”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kubreti (“to wish”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ad·cobra"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ad·cobra",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "accobar"
},
"expansion": "accobar",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ad·cobra, accobar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "",
"alt": "cobro-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: cobro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: cobro-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kupiō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kupiō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kupiō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cupiō",
"t": "to desire"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cupiō (“to desire”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cupiō (“to desire”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kub-eh₂(-yé)-ti",
"pos": "factive"
},
"expansion": "*kub-eh₂(-yé)-ti (factive)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kub-eh₂(-yé)-ti (factive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hupōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hupōną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hupōną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hopōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hopōn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hopōn (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kwob-éye-ti",
"4": "",
"pos": "causative"
},
"expansion": "*kwob-éye-ti (causative)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kwob-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwapjaną",
"t": "to suffocate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hwapjaną (“to suffocate”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hwapjaną (“to suffocate”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kwop-ó-s"
},
"expansion": "*kwop-ó-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kwop-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kvápas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kvápas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kvápas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kvãpas",
"t": "aroma"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kvãpas (“aroma”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kvãpas (“aroma”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kʷap-nó-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kʷap-nó-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kʷap-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kapnós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kapnós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kapnós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καπνός",
"t": "smoke, steam"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καπνός (kapnós, “smoke, steam”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly, but not very likely"
},
"expansion": "(possibly, but not very likely)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καπνός (kapnós, “smoke, steam”) (possibly, but not very likely)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καπνίζω",
"der": "1",
"t": "to smoke"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: καπνίζω (kapnízō, “to smoke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: καπνίζω (kapnízō, “to smoke”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kapnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kapnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kapnás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kopněti",
"der": "1",
"t": "to melt, to long for"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kopněti (“to melt, to long for”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "denominal stative present"
},
"expansion": "(denominal stative present)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kopněti (“to melt, to long for”) (denominal stative present) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kʷap-ró-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kʷap-ró-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kʷap-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kaprás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kaprás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kaprás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*koprъ",
"t": "dill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *koprъ (“dill”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *koprъ (“dill”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kopriva",
"der": "1",
"t": "nettle"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kopriva (“nettle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kopriva (“nettle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*koprina",
"der": "1",
"t": "silk"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *koprina (“silk”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *koprina (“silk”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kʷap-ō-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kʷap-ō-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kʷap-ō-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kwapōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kwapōs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kwapōs (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vapor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: vapor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: vapor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kʷap-ú-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kʷap-ú-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kʷap-ú-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kapús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kapús",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kapús (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καπύς",
"t": "smoke, steam"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καπύς (kapús, “smoke, steam”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καπύς (kapús, “smoke, steam”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καπυρός",
"der": "1",
"t": "dry"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: καπυρός (kapurós, “dry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "extended with -ρός"
},
"expansion": "(extended with -ρός)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: καπυρός (kapurós, “dry”) (extended with -ρός)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kapús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kapús",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kapús"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kopъtъ",
"der": "1",
"t": "soot, dim smoke"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kopъtъ (“soot, dim smoke”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ъtъ"
},
"expansion": "*-ъtъ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with the partitive extension <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*-ъtъ</i>"
},
"expansion": "(with the partitive extension *-ъtъ)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kopъtъ (“soot, dim smoke”) (with the partitive extension *-ъtъ) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kup-/*kūp-ró-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kup-/*kūp-ró-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kup-/*kūp-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Paleo-Balkan: (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κύπειρον",
"alt": "κύπερος",
"bor": "1",
"t": "galingale"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: κύπερος (kúperos, “galingale”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Pre-Greek"
},
"expansion": "(Pre-Greek)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: κύπερος (kúperos, “galingale”) (Pre-Greek)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kupros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kupros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kupros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cupras"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cupras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cupras"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kūprás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūprás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly vṛddhi construction?"
},
"expansion": "(possibly vṛddhi construction?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūprás (possibly vṛddhi construction?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kyprъ",
"t": "bonny"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kyprъ (“bonny”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kyprъ (“bonny”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kūp-ó-s"
},
"expansion": "*kūp-ó-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kūp-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kūpōˀtei",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūpōˀtei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "denomial fientive"
},
"expansion": "(denomial fientive)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūpōˀtei (denomial fientive)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kūpúoti",
"t": "to initiate boiling"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kūpúoti (“to initiate boiling”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kūpúoti (“to initiate boiling”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kypovati",
"t": "to initiate boiling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kypovati (“to initiate boiling”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kypovati (“to initiate boiling”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷeɸ-",
"t": "to pant, to breathe",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *kʷeɸ- (“to pant, to breathe”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *kʷeɸ- (“to pant, to breathe”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "peuo",
"t": "to roar, to breathe"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: peuo (“to roar, to breathe”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "attested relatively late"
},
"expansion": "(attested relatively late)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: peuo (“to roar, to breathe”) (attested relatively late)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "kwep-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷap-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kwep-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to smoke, to steam"
],
"id": "en-kwep--ine-pro-root-grjqQl5v",
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to boil"
],
"id": "en-kwep--ine-pro-root-yG~NxbN7",
"links": [
[
"boil",
"boil"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aroma, strong odor"
],
"id": "en-kwep--ine-pro-root-t9QJ0MDH",
"links": [
[
"aroma",
"aroma"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"odor",
"odor"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "attested in Germanic",
"word": "kweb-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kwep-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CReC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kwḗp-ti ~ *kwép-n̥ti",
"pos": "root athematic Narten present"
},
"expansion": "*kwḗp-ti ~ *kwép-n̥ti (root athematic Narten present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kwḗp-ti ~ *kwép-n̥ti (root athematic Narten present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kwḗptei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kwḗptei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kwḗptei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kvêpt",
"t": "to smell"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kvêpt (“to smell”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "partially",
"2": "sta-present"
},
"expansion": "(partially, sta-present)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kvêpt (“to smell”) (partially, sta-present)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kvêpêt",
"der": "1",
"t": "to smoke"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latvian: kvêpêt (“to smoke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latvian: kvêpêt (“to smoke”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kvė̃pti",
"t": "to smell"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kvė̃pti (“to smell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kvė̃pti (“to smell”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kúp-ye-ti",
"pos": "0-grade denominal ye-present"
},
"expansion": "*kúp-ye-ti (0-grade denominal ye-present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kúp-ye-ti (0-grade denominal ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kúpyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kúpyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kúpyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kúpyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kúpyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kúpyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कुप्यति",
"tr": "kúpyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कुप्यति (kúpyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कुप्यति (kúpyati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kup-/*kūp-eh₁(-yé)-ti",
"pos": "secondary essive"
},
"expansion": "*kup-/*kūp-eh₁(-yé)-ti (secondary essive)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kup-/*kūp-eh₁(-yé)-ti (secondary essive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kūpḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūpḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūpḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kupêt",
"t": "to seethe"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kupêt (“to seethe”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kupêt (“to seethe”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kūpėti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kūpėti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kūpėti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kypěti",
"t": "to boil up, to seethe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kypěti (“to boil up, to seethe”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kypěti (“to boil up, to seethe”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kubreti",
"t": "to wish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kubreti (“to wish”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kubreti (“to wish”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ad·cobra"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ad·cobra",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "accobar"
},
"expansion": "accobar",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ad·cobra, accobar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "",
"alt": "cobro-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: cobro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: cobro-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kupiō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kupiō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kupiō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cupiō",
"t": "to desire"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cupiō (“to desire”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cupiō (“to desire”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kub-eh₂(-yé)-ti",
"pos": "factive"
},
"expansion": "*kub-eh₂(-yé)-ti (factive)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kub-eh₂(-yé)-ti (factive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hupōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hupōną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hupōną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hopōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hopōn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hopōn (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kwob-éye-ti",
"4": "",
"pos": "causative"
},
"expansion": "*kwob-éye-ti (causative)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kwob-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwapjaną",
"t": "to suffocate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hwapjaną (“to suffocate”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hwapjaną (“to suffocate”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kwop-ó-s"
},
"expansion": "*kwop-ó-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kwop-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kvápas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kvápas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kvápas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kvãpas",
"t": "aroma"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kvãpas (“aroma”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kvãpas (“aroma”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kʷap-nó-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kʷap-nó-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kʷap-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kapnós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kapnós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kapnós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καπνός",
"t": "smoke, steam"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καπνός (kapnós, “smoke, steam”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly, but not very likely"
},
"expansion": "(possibly, but not very likely)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καπνός (kapnós, “smoke, steam”) (possibly, but not very likely)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καπνίζω",
"der": "1",
"t": "to smoke"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: καπνίζω (kapnízō, “to smoke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: καπνίζω (kapnízō, “to smoke”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kapnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kapnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kapnás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kopněti",
"der": "1",
"t": "to melt, to long for"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kopněti (“to melt, to long for”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "denominal stative present"
},
"expansion": "(denominal stative present)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kopněti (“to melt, to long for”) (denominal stative present) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kʷap-ró-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kʷap-ró-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kʷap-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kaprás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kaprás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kaprás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*koprъ",
"t": "dill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *koprъ (“dill”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *koprъ (“dill”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kopriva",
"der": "1",
"t": "nettle"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kopriva (“nettle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kopriva (“nettle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*koprina",
"der": "1",
"t": "silk"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *koprina (“silk”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *koprina (“silk”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kʷap-ō-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kʷap-ō-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kʷap-ō-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kwapōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kwapōs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kwapōs (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vapor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: vapor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: vapor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kʷap-ú-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kʷap-ú-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kʷap-ú-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kapús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kapús",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kapús (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καπύς",
"t": "smoke, steam"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καπύς (kapús, “smoke, steam”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καπύς (kapús, “smoke, steam”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καπυρός",
"der": "1",
"t": "dry"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: καπυρός (kapurós, “dry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "extended with -ρός"
},
"expansion": "(extended with -ρός)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: καπυρός (kapurós, “dry”) (extended with -ρός)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kapús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kapús",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kapús"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kopъtъ",
"der": "1",
"t": "soot, dim smoke"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kopъtъ (“soot, dim smoke”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ъtъ"
},
"expansion": "*-ъtъ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with the partitive extension <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*-ъtъ</i>"
},
"expansion": "(with the partitive extension *-ъtъ)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kopъtъ (“soot, dim smoke”) (with the partitive extension *-ъtъ) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kup-/*kūp-ró-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kup-/*kūp-ró-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kup-/*kūp-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Paleo-Balkan: (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κύπειρον",
"alt": "κύπερος",
"bor": "1",
"t": "galingale"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: κύπερος (kúperos, “galingale”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Pre-Greek"
},
"expansion": "(Pre-Greek)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: κύπερος (kúperos, “galingale”) (Pre-Greek)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kupros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kupros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kupros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cupras"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cupras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cupras"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kūprás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūprás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly vṛddhi construction?"
},
"expansion": "(possibly vṛddhi construction?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūprás (possibly vṛddhi construction?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kyprъ",
"t": "bonny"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kyprъ (“bonny”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kyprъ (“bonny”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kūp-ó-s"
},
"expansion": "*kūp-ó-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kūp-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kūpōˀtei",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūpōˀtei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "denomial fientive"
},
"expansion": "(denomial fientive)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūpōˀtei (denomial fientive)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kūpúoti",
"t": "to initiate boiling"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kūpúoti (“to initiate boiling”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kūpúoti (“to initiate boiling”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kypovati",
"t": "to initiate boiling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kypovati (“to initiate boiling”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kypovati (“to initiate boiling”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷeɸ-",
"t": "to pant, to breathe",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *kʷeɸ- (“to pant, to breathe”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *kʷeɸ- (“to pant, to breathe”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "peuo",
"t": "to roar, to breathe"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: peuo (“to roar, to breathe”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "attested relatively late"
},
"expansion": "(attested relatively late)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: peuo (“to roar, to breathe”) (attested relatively late)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "kwep-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷap-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kwep-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to smoke, to steam"
],
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to boil"
],
"links": [
[
"boil",
"boil"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"aroma, strong odor"
],
"links": [
[
"aroma",
"aroma"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"odor",
"odor"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "attested in Germanic",
"word": "kweb-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kwep-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.