See kret- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krét-ti ~ *kr̥t-énti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kirstei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kirstei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kirstei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kir̃sti",
"3": "kirstù",
"4": "kirtaũ",
"t3": "to make sour",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Lithuanian: kir̃sti, kirstù, kirtaũ (“to make sour”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Lithuanian: kir̃sti, kirstù, kirtaũ (“to make sour”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "built from earlier o-grade *kort-"
},
"expansion": "(built from earlier o-grade *kort-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*kórt-u-s (built from earlier o-grade *kort-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kártus",
"t": "bitter",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kártus (“bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kártus (“bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kartùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kartùs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kartùs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kārtai",
"pos": "nom.pl."
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: kārtai (nom.pl.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: kārtai (nom.pl.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*harduz",
"t": "hard; brave",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *harduz (“hard; brave”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *harduz (“hard; brave”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*harskaz",
"der": "1",
"t": "rough; sour"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *harskaz (“rough; sour”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *harskaz (“rough; sour”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kret-ó-s (“swelling”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"alt": "*kretas",
"t": "clot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretas (“clot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretas (“clot”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kretḗˀtei",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kretêt",
"t": "to clot"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kretêt (“to clot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kretêt (“to clot”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krét-s ~ *kr̥t-és (“strength”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"alt": "*hurþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hurþaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< thematized *kr̥t-ó-s"
},
"expansion": "(< thematized *kr̥t-ó-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hurþaz (< thematized *kr̥t-ó-s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hurskaz",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *hurskaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *hurþskaz",
"2": "+ *-skaz"
},
"expansion": "(< *hurþskaz, + *-skaz)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *hurskaz (< *hurþskaz, + *-skaz)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "horskr",
"t": "wise"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: horskr (“wise”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: horskr (“wise”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "horskur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: horskur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: horskur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt1": "*krétos",
"alt2": "*krə́tos",
"alt3": "*kə́rtos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *krétos, *krə́tos, *kə́rtos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< thematized *krét-o-s, *kŕ̥t-o-s"
},
"expansion": "(< thematized *krét-o-s, *kŕ̥t-o-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *krétos, *krə́tos, *kə́rtos (< thematized *krét-o-s, *kŕ̥t-o-s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κράτος",
"alts": "1",
"t": "might, strength"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κράτος (krátos, “might, strength”), κάρτος (kártos) — Ionic, Epic, κρέτος (krétos) — Aeolic",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κράτος (krátos, “might, strength”), κάρτος (kártos) — Ionic, Epic, κρέτος (krétos) — Aeolic (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καρτερός",
"alts": "1",
"der": "1",
"t": "strong, mighty"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: καρτερός (karterós, “strong, mighty”), κρατερός (kraterós) — Epic",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ -ερός (-erós)",
"2": "or < *kr̥t-ero-s"
},
"expansion": "(+ -ερός (-erós), or < *kr̥t-ero-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: καρτερός (karterós, “strong, mighty”), κρατερός (kraterós) — Epic (+ -ερός (-erós), or < *kr̥t-ero-s)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suggested to be a denominal of *krót-u-s ~ *kért-u-s (“strength”)"
},
"expansion": "(suggested to be a denominal of *krót-u-s ~ *kért-u-s (“strength”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*krét-u-s ~ *kr̥t-éw-s (“having strength, strong”) (suggested to be a denominal of *krót-u-s ~ *kért-u-s (“strength”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*krətús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *krətús",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< leveled *kr̥t-ú-s"
},
"expansion": "(< leveled *kr̥t-ú-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *krətús (< leveled *kr̥t-ú-s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρατύς",
"t": "strong, mighty"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κρατύς (kratús, “strong, mighty”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κρατύς (kratús, “strong, mighty”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*krátuš",
"t": "force, mental power"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *krátuš (“force, mental power”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *krátuš (“force, mental power”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krét-yōs ~ *kr̥t-is-és (“strong; better”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*kréťťōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kréťťōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kréťťōn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρείσσων",
"alts": "1",
"t": "more powerful"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κρείσσων (kreíssōn, “more powerful”), κρείττων (kreíttōn) — Attic, κρέσσων (kréssōn) — Ionic",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κρείσσων (kreíssōn, “more powerful”), κρείττων (kreíttōn) — Attic, κρέσσων (kréssōn) — Ionic"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kr̥t-tó-s (“swollen”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*krassus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *krassus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *krassus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crassus",
"t": "thick; fat",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: crassus (“thick; fat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: crassus (“thick; fat”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kret-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be strong"
],
"id": "en-kret--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:strong",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:strong"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to swell"
],
"id": "en-kret--ine-pro-root-Y5thUuU1",
"links": [
[
"swell",
"swell"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Mate Kapović"
],
"word": "kret-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krét-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kréstei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kréstei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kréstei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "krė̃sti",
"t": "to shake"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: krė̃sti (“to shake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: krė̃sti (“to shake”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krèst",
"t": "to fall, drop, die"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: krèst (“to fall, drop, die”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: krèst (“to fall, drop, die”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hreþaną",
"t": "to sift",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hreþaną (“to sift”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hreþaną (“to sift”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krot-éye-ti (eye-causative/iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kratīˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kratīˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kratīˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kratît",
"t": "to shake repeatedly"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kratît (“to shake repeatedly”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kratît (“to shake repeatedly”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kratýti",
"t": "to shake, jolt"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kratýti (“to shake, jolt”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kratýti (“to shake, jolt”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*krotéō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *krotéō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *krotéō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κροτέω",
"t": "to rattle"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κροτέω (krotéō, “to rattle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κροτέω (krotéō, “to rattle”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kr̥t-néh₂-ti (neh₂-iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hurtōną",
"alt2": "*hrut(t)ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hurtōną, *hrut(t)ōną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hurtōną, *hrut(t)ōną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hurtōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hurtōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hurtōn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*hurzōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *hurzōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *hurzōn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "hurzen",
"t": "to rush"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: hurzen (“to rush”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: hurzen (“to rush”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*hrota"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *hrota",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *hrota"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rota",
"t": "to side down"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: rota (“to side down”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: rota (“to side down”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hreutaną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *hreutaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *hreutaną"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrjóta",
"t": "to fall"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hrjóta (“to fall”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hrjóta (“to fall”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rjota"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: rjota",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: rjota"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kr̥-né-t-ti ~ *kr̥-n-t-én-ti (nasal infix)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*krínstei",
"t": "to fall, drop"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *krínstei (“to fall, drop”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *krínstei (“to fall, drop”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "krist"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: krist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: krist"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krìsti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: krìsti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: krìsti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kret-ó-s (“a shake, tremble”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kretas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kretḗˀtei",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kretė́ti",
"t": "to tremble (with old age), walk shakily"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kretė́ti (“to tremble (with old age), walk shakily”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kretė́ti (“to tremble (with old age), walk shakily”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krot-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "apikrataĩ",
"der": "1",
"t": "fast"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Lithuanian: apikrataĩ (“fast”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Lithuanian: apikrataĩ (“fast”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hradaz",
"t": "quick, hasty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hradaz (“quick, hasty”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hradaz (“quick, hasty”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krot-ú-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kratús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kratús",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kratús"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kratùs",
"t": "shaky, bumpy"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kratùs (“shaky, bumpy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kratùs (“shaky, bumpy”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krót-o-s (“shaking”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*krotos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *krotos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *krotos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*krotāti",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *krotāti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *krotāti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "crothaim",
"t": "to shake"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: crothaim (“to shake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: crothaim (“to shake”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "crothaid"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: crothaid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: crothaid"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "crath"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: crath",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: crath"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*krótos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *krótos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *krótos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρότος",
"t": "rattling"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κρότος (krótos, “rattling”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κρότος (krótos, “rattling”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kret-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to shake, rattle"
],
"id": "en-kret--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:shake",
"links": [
[
"shake",
"shake"
],
[
"rattle",
"rattle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:shake"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to move quickly"
],
"id": "en-kret--ine-pro-root-LVUEatP-",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"quickly",
"quickly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kret-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krét-ti ~ *kr̥t-énti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kirstei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kirstei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kirstei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kir̃sti",
"3": "kirstù",
"4": "kirtaũ",
"t3": "to make sour",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Lithuanian: kir̃sti, kirstù, kirtaũ (“to make sour”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Lithuanian: kir̃sti, kirstù, kirtaũ (“to make sour”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "built from earlier o-grade *kort-"
},
"expansion": "(built from earlier o-grade *kort-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*kórt-u-s (built from earlier o-grade *kort-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kártus",
"t": "bitter",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kártus (“bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kártus (“bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kartùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kartùs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kartùs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kārtai",
"pos": "nom.pl."
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: kārtai (nom.pl.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: kārtai (nom.pl.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*harduz",
"t": "hard; brave",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *harduz (“hard; brave”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *harduz (“hard; brave”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*harskaz",
"der": "1",
"t": "rough; sour"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *harskaz (“rough; sour”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *harskaz (“rough; sour”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kret-ó-s (“swelling”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"alt": "*kretas",
"t": "clot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretas (“clot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretas (“clot”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kretḗˀtei",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kretêt",
"t": "to clot"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kretêt (“to clot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kretêt (“to clot”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krét-s ~ *kr̥t-és (“strength”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"alt": "*hurþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hurþaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< thematized *kr̥t-ó-s"
},
"expansion": "(< thematized *kr̥t-ó-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hurþaz (< thematized *kr̥t-ó-s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hurskaz",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *hurskaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *hurþskaz",
"2": "+ *-skaz"
},
"expansion": "(< *hurþskaz, + *-skaz)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *hurskaz (< *hurþskaz, + *-skaz)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "horskr",
"t": "wise"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: horskr (“wise”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: horskr (“wise”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "horskur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: horskur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: horskur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt1": "*krétos",
"alt2": "*krə́tos",
"alt3": "*kə́rtos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *krétos, *krə́tos, *kə́rtos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< thematized *krét-o-s, *kŕ̥t-o-s"
},
"expansion": "(< thematized *krét-o-s, *kŕ̥t-o-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *krétos, *krə́tos, *kə́rtos (< thematized *krét-o-s, *kŕ̥t-o-s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κράτος",
"alts": "1",
"t": "might, strength"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κράτος (krátos, “might, strength”), κάρτος (kártos) — Ionic, Epic, κρέτος (krétos) — Aeolic",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κράτος (krátos, “might, strength”), κάρτος (kártos) — Ionic, Epic, κρέτος (krétos) — Aeolic (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καρτερός",
"alts": "1",
"der": "1",
"t": "strong, mighty"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: καρτερός (karterós, “strong, mighty”), κρατερός (kraterós) — Epic",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ -ερός (-erós)",
"2": "or < *kr̥t-ero-s"
},
"expansion": "(+ -ερός (-erós), or < *kr̥t-ero-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: καρτερός (karterós, “strong, mighty”), κρατερός (kraterós) — Epic (+ -ερός (-erós), or < *kr̥t-ero-s)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suggested to be a denominal of *krót-u-s ~ *kért-u-s (“strength”)"
},
"expansion": "(suggested to be a denominal of *krót-u-s ~ *kért-u-s (“strength”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*krét-u-s ~ *kr̥t-éw-s (“having strength, strong”) (suggested to be a denominal of *krót-u-s ~ *kért-u-s (“strength”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*krətús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *krətús",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< leveled *kr̥t-ú-s"
},
"expansion": "(< leveled *kr̥t-ú-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *krətús (< leveled *kr̥t-ú-s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρατύς",
"t": "strong, mighty"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κρατύς (kratús, “strong, mighty”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κρατύς (kratús, “strong, mighty”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*krátuš",
"t": "force, mental power"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *krátuš (“force, mental power”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *krátuš (“force, mental power”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krét-yōs ~ *kr̥t-is-és (“strong; better”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*kréťťōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kréťťōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kréťťōn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρείσσων",
"alts": "1",
"t": "more powerful"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κρείσσων (kreíssōn, “more powerful”), κρείττων (kreíttōn) — Attic, κρέσσων (kréssōn) — Ionic",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κρείσσων (kreíssōn, “more powerful”), κρείττων (kreíttōn) — Attic, κρέσσων (kréssōn) — Ionic"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kr̥t-tó-s (“swollen”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*krassus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *krassus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *krassus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crassus",
"t": "thick; fat",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: crassus (“thick; fat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: crassus (“thick; fat”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kret-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be strong"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:strong"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to swell"
],
"links": [
[
"swell",
"swell"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Mate Kapović"
],
"word": "kret-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krét-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kréstei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kréstei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kréstei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "krė̃sti",
"t": "to shake"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: krė̃sti (“to shake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: krė̃sti (“to shake”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krèst",
"t": "to fall, drop, die"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: krèst (“to fall, drop, die”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: krèst (“to fall, drop, die”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hreþaną",
"t": "to sift",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hreþaną (“to sift”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hreþaną (“to sift”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krot-éye-ti (eye-causative/iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kratīˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kratīˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kratīˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kratît",
"t": "to shake repeatedly"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kratît (“to shake repeatedly”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kratît (“to shake repeatedly”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kratýti",
"t": "to shake, jolt"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kratýti (“to shake, jolt”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kratýti (“to shake, jolt”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*krotéō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *krotéō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *krotéō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κροτέω",
"t": "to rattle"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κροτέω (krotéō, “to rattle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κροτέω (krotéō, “to rattle”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kr̥t-néh₂-ti (neh₂-iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hurtōną",
"alt2": "*hrut(t)ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hurtōną, *hrut(t)ōną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hurtōną, *hrut(t)ōną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hurtōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hurtōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hurtōn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*hurzōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *hurzōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *hurzōn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "hurzen",
"t": "to rush"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: hurzen (“to rush”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: hurzen (“to rush”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*hrota"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *hrota",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *hrota"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rota",
"t": "to side down"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: rota (“to side down”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: rota (“to side down”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hreutaną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *hreutaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *hreutaną"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrjóta",
"t": "to fall"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hrjóta (“to fall”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hrjóta (“to fall”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rjota"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: rjota",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: rjota"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kr̥-né-t-ti ~ *kr̥-n-t-én-ti (nasal infix)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*krínstei",
"t": "to fall, drop"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *krínstei (“to fall, drop”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *krínstei (“to fall, drop”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "krist"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: krist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: krist"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krìsti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: krìsti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: krìsti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kret-ó-s (“a shake, tremble”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kretas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kretḗˀtei",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kretḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kretė́ti",
"t": "to tremble (with old age), walk shakily"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kretė́ti (“to tremble (with old age), walk shakily”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kretė́ti (“to tremble (with old age), walk shakily”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krot-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "apikrataĩ",
"der": "1",
"t": "fast"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Lithuanian: apikrataĩ (“fast”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Lithuanian: apikrataĩ (“fast”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hradaz",
"t": "quick, hasty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hradaz (“quick, hasty”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hradaz (“quick, hasty”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krot-ú-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kratús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kratús",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kratús"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kratùs",
"t": "shaky, bumpy"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kratùs (“shaky, bumpy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kratùs (“shaky, bumpy”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*krót-o-s (“shaking”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*krotos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *krotos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *krotos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*krotāti",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *krotāti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *krotāti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "crothaim",
"t": "to shake"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: crothaim (“to shake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: crothaim (“to shake”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "crothaid"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: crothaid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: crothaid"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "crath"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: crath",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: crath"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*krótos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *krótos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *krótos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρότος",
"t": "rattling"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κρότος (krótos, “rattling”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κρότος (krótos, “rattling”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kret-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to shake, rattle"
],
"links": [
[
"shake",
"shake"
],
[
"rattle",
"rattle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:shake"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to move quickly"
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"quickly",
"quickly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kret-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kret- meaning in All languages combined (16.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.