See kesul on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċeosol"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ċeosol, ċeosel, ċysel, ċisel, ċisil\nMiddle English: chesil, chesel, chisel\nEnglish: chisel, chesil, chissel, chessil\nScots: keezel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ċeosol, ċeosel, ċysel, ċisel, ċisil\nMiddle English: chesil, chesel, chisel\nEnglish: chisel, chesil, chissel, chessil\nScots: keezel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kesal"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kesal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kesal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kēserlinc",
"3": "kesserling",
"4": "kēselinc",
"5": "kīserlinc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kēserlinc, kesserling, kēselinc, kīserlinc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kēserlinc, kesserling, kēselinc, kīserlinc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kesal"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kesal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kesal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kesel",
"3": "keisel",
"4": "kijsel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: kesel, keisel, kijsel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: kesel, keisel, kijsel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "keizel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: keizel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: keizel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "chisil",
"3": "kisil"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: chisil, kisil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: chisil, kisil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kisel"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: kisel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: kisel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kiesel"
},
"expansion": "German: Kiesel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Kiesel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Kisel"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Kisel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Kisel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kiezel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Dutch: kiezel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Dutch: kiezel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kiezel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kiezel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kiezel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kisel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kisel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kisel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "sixdo",
"t": "sand"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian sixdo (“sand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žìzdras"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žìzdras",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქვიშა",
"t": "sand"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ქვიშა (kviša, “sand”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Lacking Indo-European cognates outside of Baltic (Old Prussian sixdo (“sand”), Lithuanian žìzdras), the word is probably of non-Indo-European substrate origin; compare Georgian ქვიშა (kviša, “sand”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kesul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kesul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kesul m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kesul",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kesulastain"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pebble, gravel"
],
"id": "en-kesul-gmw-pro-noun-TCXUgBD~",
"links": [
[
"pebble",
"pebble"
],
[
"gravel",
"gravel"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "kesul"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kesulastain"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċeosol"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ċeosol, ċeosel, ċysel, ċisel, ċisil\nMiddle English: chesil, chesel, chisel\nEnglish: chisel, chesil, chissel, chessil\nScots: keezel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ċeosol, ċeosel, ċysel, ċisel, ċisil\nMiddle English: chesil, chesel, chisel\nEnglish: chisel, chesil, chissel, chessil\nScots: keezel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kesal"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kesal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kesal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kēserlinc",
"3": "kesserling",
"4": "kēselinc",
"5": "kīserlinc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kēserlinc, kesserling, kēselinc, kīserlinc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kēserlinc, kesserling, kēselinc, kīserlinc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kesal"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kesal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kesal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kesel",
"3": "keisel",
"4": "kijsel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: kesel, keisel, kijsel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: kesel, keisel, kijsel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "keizel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: keizel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: keizel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "chisil",
"3": "kisil"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: chisil, kisil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: chisil, kisil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kisel"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: kisel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: kisel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kiesel"
},
"expansion": "German: Kiesel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Kiesel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Kisel"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Kisel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Kisel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kiezel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Dutch: kiezel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Dutch: kiezel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kiezel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kiezel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kiezel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kisel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kisel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kisel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "sixdo",
"t": "sand"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian sixdo (“sand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žìzdras"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žìzdras",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქვიშა",
"t": "sand"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ქვიშა (kviša, “sand”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Lacking Indo-European cognates outside of Baltic (Old Prussian sixdo (“sand”), Lithuanian žìzdras), the word is probably of non-Indo-European substrate origin; compare Georgian ქვიშა (kviša, “sand”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kesul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kesul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kesulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kesul m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kesul",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"gmw-pro:Rocks"
],
"glosses": [
"pebble, gravel"
],
"links": [
[
"pebble",
"pebble"
],
[
"gravel",
"gravel"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "kesul"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kesul meaning in All languages combined (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.