See kerel on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kêrel"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kêrel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kêrel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "kääd'l"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: kääd'l",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: kääd'l"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "kerel",
"3": "kërel",
"4": "kërdel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: kerel, kërel, kërdel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saterland Frisian: kerel, kërel, kërdel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "keardel",
"3": "kearel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: keardel, kearel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: keardel, kearel"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "kerel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch kerel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*karl"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *karl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karilaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kerl"
},
"expansion": "German Kerl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "keerl"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon keerl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tsjirl"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian tsjirl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "churl"
},
"expansion": "English churl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "karl"
},
"expansion": "Danish karl",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch kerel, carel, caerl, kerl, from Old Dutch *karl, *karal, *keril, from Proto-West Germanic *karil, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz.\nCognate with German Kerl, Dutch Low Saxon keerl, West Frisian tsjirl, English churl, Danish karl.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kerels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kereltje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "kerel m (plural kerels, diminutive kereltje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ke‧rel"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lad, fellow, bloke"
],
"id": "en-kerel-nl-noun-3W-2Jo1B",
"links": [
[
"lad",
"lad"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
],
[
"bloke",
"bloke"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Karel"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeː.rəl/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kerel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Nl-kerel.ogg/Nl-kerel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Nl-kerel.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːrəl"
}
],
"word": "kerel"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "kerle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch kerle",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch kerle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kerels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kereltje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "kerel m (plural kerels, diminutive kereltje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ke‧rel"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms of address",
"parents": [
"Terms of address",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 59 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 64 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a long overgarment"
],
"id": "en-kerel-nl-noun-IPQFYlWO",
"links": [
[
"overgarment",
"overgarment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or archaic) a long overgarment"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeː.rəl/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kerel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Nl-kerel.ogg/Nl-kerel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Nl-kerel.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːrəl"
}
],
"word": "kerel"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "inc-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "inh",
"3": "pra>𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀇>do",
"id": "do",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷer-\nProto-Indo-European *-néwti\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti\nSanskrit कृ॒णोति॑ (kṛṇóti)\nSanskrit क॒रोति॑ (karóti)\nAshokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁄𑀢𑀺 (karoti)\nPrakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀇 (karei)\nRomani kerel\nInherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀇 (karei), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁄𑀢𑀺 (karoti), from Sanskrit क॒रोति॑ (karóti), from कृ॒णोति॑ (kṛṇóti), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- + *-néwti.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "करना"
},
"expansion": "Hindi करना (karnā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਕਰਨਾ"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi ਕਰਨਾ (karnā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "गर्नु"
},
"expansion": "Nepali गर्नु (garnu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "કરવું"
},
"expansion": "Gujarati કરવું (karvũ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "करणे"
},
"expansion": "Marathi करणे (karṇe)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "করা"
},
"expansion": "Bengali করা (kora)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as",
"2": "কৰ"
},
"expansion": "Assamese কৰ (kor)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷer-\nProto-Indo-European *-néwti\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti\nSanskrit कृ॒णोति॑ (kṛṇóti)\nSanskrit क॒रोति॑ (karóti)\nAshokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁄𑀢𑀺 (karoti)\nPrakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀇 (karei)\nRomani kerel\nInherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀇 (karei), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁄𑀢𑀺 (karoti), from Sanskrit क॒रोति॑ (karóti), from कृ॒णोति॑ (kṛṇóti), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- + *-néwti. Cognate with Hindi करना (karnā), Punjabi ਕਰਨਾ (karnā), Nepali गर्नु (garnu), Gujarati કરવું (karvũ), Marathi करणे (karṇe), Bengali করা (kora), and Assamese কৰ (kor).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "kerel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el"
},
"expansion": "kerel",
"name": "rom-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I don't know what to do.",
"text": "Na ʒanav so te kerav.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do"
],
"id": "en-kerel-rom-verb-IXZV9I3e",
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani verbs ending in -el",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "My dad made the kettle.",
"text": "Morro dad kerdǎs o kazàn.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make, create, produce"
],
"id": "en-kerel-rom-verb-leasByX1",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ke.ˈrel/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kə.ˈrel/"
}
],
"word": "kerel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms of address",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːrəl"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kêrel"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kêrel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kêrel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "kääd'l"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: kääd'l",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: kääd'l"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "kerel",
"3": "kërel",
"4": "kërdel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: kerel, kërel, kërdel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saterland Frisian: kerel, kërel, kërdel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "keardel",
"3": "kearel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: keardel, kearel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: keardel, kearel"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "kerel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch kerel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*karl"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *karl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karilaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kerl"
},
"expansion": "German Kerl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "keerl"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon keerl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tsjirl"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian tsjirl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "churl"
},
"expansion": "English churl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "karl"
},
"expansion": "Danish karl",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch kerel, carel, caerl, kerl, from Old Dutch *karl, *karal, *keril, from Proto-West Germanic *karil, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz.\nCognate with German Kerl, Dutch Low Saxon keerl, West Frisian tsjirl, English churl, Danish karl.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kerels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kereltje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "kerel m (plural kerels, diminutive kereltje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ke‧rel"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Karel"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lad, fellow, bloke"
],
"links": [
[
"lad",
"lad"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
],
[
"bloke",
"bloke"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeː.rəl/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kerel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Nl-kerel.ogg/Nl-kerel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Nl-kerel.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːrəl"
}
],
"word": "kerel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms of address",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːrəl"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "kerle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch kerle",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch kerle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kerels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kereltje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "kerel m (plural kerels, diminutive kereltje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ke‧rel"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with archaic senses",
"Dutch terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a long overgarment"
],
"links": [
[
"overgarment",
"overgarment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or archaic) a long overgarment"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeː.rəl/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kerel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Nl-kerel.ogg/Nl-kerel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Nl-kerel.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːrəl"
}
],
"word": "kerel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romani entries with etymology texts",
"Romani entries with etymology trees",
"Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"Romani lemmas",
"Romani terms derived from Ashokan Prakrit",
"Romani terms derived from Prakrit",
"Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Romani terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Romani terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer-",
"Romani terms derived from the Sanskrit root कृ",
"Romani terms inherited from Ashokan Prakrit",
"Romani terms inherited from Prakrit",
"Romani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"Romani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Romani terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"Romani verbs",
"Romani verbs ending in -el"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "inc-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "inh",
"3": "pra>𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀇>do",
"id": "do",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷer-\nProto-Indo-European *-néwti\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti\nSanskrit कृ॒णोति॑ (kṛṇóti)\nSanskrit क॒रोति॑ (karóti)\nAshokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁄𑀢𑀺 (karoti)\nPrakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀇 (karei)\nRomani kerel\nInherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀇 (karei), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁄𑀢𑀺 (karoti), from Sanskrit क॒रोति॑ (karóti), from कृ॒णोति॑ (kṛṇóti), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- + *-néwti.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "करना"
},
"expansion": "Hindi करना (karnā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਕਰਨਾ"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi ਕਰਨਾ (karnā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "गर्नु"
},
"expansion": "Nepali गर्नु (garnu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "કરવું"
},
"expansion": "Gujarati કરવું (karvũ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "करणे"
},
"expansion": "Marathi करणे (karṇe)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "করা"
},
"expansion": "Bengali করা (kora)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as",
"2": "কৰ"
},
"expansion": "Assamese কৰ (kor)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷer-\nProto-Indo-European *-néwti\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti\nSanskrit कृ॒णोति॑ (kṛṇóti)\nSanskrit क॒रोति॑ (karóti)\nAshokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁄𑀢𑀺 (karoti)\nPrakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀇 (karei)\nRomani kerel\nInherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀇 (karei), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁄𑀢𑀺 (karoti), from Sanskrit क॒रोति॑ (karóti), from कृ॒णोति॑ (kṛṇóti), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- + *-néwti. Cognate with Hindi करना (karnā), Punjabi ਕਰਨਾ (karnā), Nepali गर्नु (garnu), Gujarati કરવું (karvũ), Marathi करणे (karṇe), Bengali করা (kora), and Assamese কৰ (kor).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "kerel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el"
},
"expansion": "kerel",
"name": "rom-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romani terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I don't know what to do.",
"text": "Na ʒanav so te kerav.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do"
],
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Romani terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "My dad made the kettle.",
"text": "Morro dad kerdǎs o kazàn.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make, create, produce"
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ke.ˈrel/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kə.ˈrel/"
}
],
"word": "kerel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kerel meaning in All languages combined (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.