"kawani" meaning in All languages combined

See kawani on Wiktionary

Adjective [Tagalog]

IPA: /kawaˈni/, [kɐ.wɐˈni], /kaˈwani/, [kɐˈwa.nɪ] Forms: awaní [canonical], kawani [canonical], ᜃᜏᜈᜒ [Baybayin]
Etymology: From ka- + wani, according to Panganiban (1972). Alternatively, borrowed from Malay kerani (“clerk”) (written in Jawi as کراني), ultimately from Tamil கிராணி (kirāṇi, “clerk”) or from Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “scribe”). Theories on the linkage from Malay include: * According to Potet (2016), when the word was introduced to Tagalog, the Jawi letter ر (r) was probably mistaken for the letter و (w). * According to Zorc (1981), the /r/ possibly shifted to /l/ when borrowed then the /l/ was lost later on and became /w/. Etymology templates: {{prefix|tl|ka|wani}} ka- + wani, {{glossary|loanword|borrowed}} borrowed, {{bor|tl|ms|kerani||clerk|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Malay kerani (“clerk”), {{bor+|tl|ms|kerani||clerk|nocap=1}} borrowed from Malay kerani (“clerk”), {{m|ms|کراني}} کراني, {{der|tl|ta|கிராணி||clerk}} Tamil கிராணி (kirāṇi, “clerk”), {{der|tl|sa|करण|t=scribe}} Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “scribe”), {{m|ms|ر|tr=r}} ر (r), {{m|ms|و|tr=w}} و (w) Head templates: {{tl-adj|awaní|b=+|head2=+}} awaní or kawani (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜏᜈᜒ)
  1. working as an employee or helper
    Sense id: en-kawani-tl-adj-TL~gqDda Categories (other): Tagalog terms prefixed with ka- Disambiguation of Tagalog terms prefixed with ka-: 42 29 29
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: cauani [obsolete], Spanish-based orthography

Noun [Tagalog]

IPA: /kawaˈni/, [kɐ.wɐˈni], /kaˈwani/, [kɐˈwa.nɪ] Forms: kawaní [canonical], kawani [canonical], ᜃᜏᜈᜒ [Baybayin]
Etymology: From ka- + wani, according to Panganiban (1972). Alternatively, borrowed from Malay kerani (“clerk”) (written in Jawi as کراني), ultimately from Tamil கிராணி (kirāṇi, “clerk”) or from Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “scribe”). Theories on the linkage from Malay include: * According to Potet (2016), when the word was introduced to Tagalog, the Jawi letter ر (r) was probably mistaken for the letter و (w). * According to Zorc (1981), the /r/ possibly shifted to /l/ when borrowed then the /l/ was lost later on and became /w/. Etymology templates: {{prefix|tl|ka|wani}} ka- + wani, {{glossary|loanword|borrowed}} borrowed, {{bor|tl|ms|kerani||clerk|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Malay kerani (“clerk”), {{bor+|tl|ms|kerani||clerk|nocap=1}} borrowed from Malay kerani (“clerk”), {{m|ms|کراني}} کراني, {{der|tl|ta|கிராணி||clerk}} Tamil கிராணி (kirāṇi, “clerk”), {{der|tl|sa|करण|t=scribe}} Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “scribe”), {{m|ms|ر|tr=r}} ر (r), {{m|ms|و|tr=w}} و (w) Head templates: {{tl-noun|kawaní|b=+|head2=+}} kawaní or kawani (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜏᜈᜒ)
  1. (formal) employee Tags: formal Synonyms: empleado, tauhan
    Sense id: en-kawani-tl-noun-L9wBdwV9 Categories (other): Tagalog entries with incorrect language header, Tagalog terms with Baybayin script, Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries Disambiguation of Tagalog entries with incorrect language header: 31 61 9 Disambiguation of Tagalog terms with Baybayin script: 32 52 15 Disambiguation of Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries: 32 53 15
  2. helper; aid; assistant Synonyms: katulong, katulungin
    Sense id: en-kawani-tl-noun-MqJ2AFzy
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: cauani [obsolete], Spanish-based orthography Derived forms: kawanihan, Kawanihan ng Adwana Related terms: eskribyente

Download JSON data for kawani meaning in All languages combined (6.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kawanihan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Kawanihan ng Adwana"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ka",
        "3": "wani"
      },
      "expansion": "ka- + wani",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "kerani",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clerk",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Malay kerani (“clerk”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "kerani",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clerk",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowed from Malay kerani (“clerk”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "کراني"
      },
      "expansion": "کراني",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ta",
        "3": "கிராணி",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clerk"
      },
      "expansion": "Tamil கிராணி (kirāṇi, “clerk”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "करण",
        "t": "scribe"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “scribe”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "ر",
        "tr": "r"
      },
      "expansion": "ر (r)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "و",
        "tr": "w"
      },
      "expansion": "و (w)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From ka- + wani, according to Panganiban (1972).\nAlternatively, borrowed from Malay kerani (“clerk”) (written in Jawi as کراني), ultimately from Tamil கிராணி (kirāṇi, “clerk”) or from Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “scribe”). Theories on the linkage from Malay include:\n* According to Potet (2016), when the word was introduced to Tagalog, the Jawi letter ر (r) was probably mistaken for the letter و (w).\n* According to Zorc (1981), the /r/ possibly shifted to /l/ when borrowed then the /l/ was lost later on and became /w/.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kawaní",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kawani",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜏᜈᜒ",
      "tags": [
        "Baybayin"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kawaní",
        "b": "+",
        "head2": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "kawaní or kawani (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜏᜈᜒ)",
      "name": "tl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ka‧wa‧ni"
  ],
  "lang": "Tagalog",
  "lang_code": "tl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "eskribyente"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 61 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 52 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 53 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "government employee",
          "text": "kawani ng pamahalaan",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "employee"
      ],
      "id": "en-kawani-tl-noun-L9wBdwV9",
      "links": [
        [
          "employee",
          "employee"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(formal) employee"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "empleado"
        },
        {
          "word": "tauhan"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "helper; aid; assistant"
      ],
      "id": "en-kawani-tl-noun-MqJ2AFzy",
      "links": [
        [
          "helper",
          "helper"
        ],
        [
          "aid",
          "aid"
        ],
        [
          "assistant",
          "assistant"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "katulong"
        },
        {
          "word": "katulungin"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kawaˈni/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɐ.wɐˈni]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈwani/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɐˈwa.nɪ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "cauani"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Spanish-based orthography"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kawani"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ka",
        "3": "wani"
      },
      "expansion": "ka- + wani",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "kerani",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clerk",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Malay kerani (“clerk”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "kerani",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clerk",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowed from Malay kerani (“clerk”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "کراني"
      },
      "expansion": "کراني",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ta",
        "3": "கிராணி",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clerk"
      },
      "expansion": "Tamil கிராணி (kirāṇi, “clerk”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "करण",
        "t": "scribe"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “scribe”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "ر",
        "tr": "r"
      },
      "expansion": "ر (r)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "و",
        "tr": "w"
      },
      "expansion": "و (w)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From ka- + wani, according to Panganiban (1972).\nAlternatively, borrowed from Malay kerani (“clerk”) (written in Jawi as کراني), ultimately from Tamil கிராணி (kirāṇi, “clerk”) or from Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “scribe”). Theories on the linkage from Malay include:\n* According to Potet (2016), when the word was introduced to Tagalog, the Jawi letter ر (r) was probably mistaken for the letter و (w).\n* According to Zorc (1981), the /r/ possibly shifted to /l/ when borrowed then the /l/ was lost later on and became /w/.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "awaní",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kawani",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜏᜈᜒ",
      "tags": [
        "Baybayin"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "awaní",
        "b": "+",
        "head2": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "awaní or kawani (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜏᜈᜒ)",
      "name": "tl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ka‧wa‧ni"
  ],
  "lang": "Tagalog",
  "lang_code": "tl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 29 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog terms prefixed with ka-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "working as an employee or helper"
      ],
      "id": "en-kawani-tl-adj-TL~gqDda",
      "links": [
        [
          "working",
          "working"
        ],
        [
          "employee",
          "employee"
        ],
        [
          "helper",
          "helper"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kawaˈni/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɐ.wɐˈni]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈwani/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɐˈwa.nɪ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "cauani"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Spanish-based orthography"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kawani"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Tagalog 3-syllable words",
    "Tagalog adjectives",
    "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
    "Tagalog lemmas",
    "Tagalog nouns",
    "Tagalog terms borrowed from Malay",
    "Tagalog terms derived from Malay",
    "Tagalog terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "Tagalog terms derived from Tamil",
    "Tagalog terms prefixed with ka-",
    "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
    "Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "kawanihan"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kawanihan ng Adwana"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ka",
        "3": "wani"
      },
      "expansion": "ka- + wani",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "kerani",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clerk",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Malay kerani (“clerk”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "kerani",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clerk",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowed from Malay kerani (“clerk”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "کراني"
      },
      "expansion": "کراني",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ta",
        "3": "கிராணி",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clerk"
      },
      "expansion": "Tamil கிராணி (kirāṇi, “clerk”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "करण",
        "t": "scribe"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “scribe”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "ر",
        "tr": "r"
      },
      "expansion": "ر (r)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "و",
        "tr": "w"
      },
      "expansion": "و (w)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From ka- + wani, according to Panganiban (1972).\nAlternatively, borrowed from Malay kerani (“clerk”) (written in Jawi as کراني), ultimately from Tamil கிராணி (kirāṇi, “clerk”) or from Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “scribe”). Theories on the linkage from Malay include:\n* According to Potet (2016), when the word was introduced to Tagalog, the Jawi letter ر (r) was probably mistaken for the letter و (w).\n* According to Zorc (1981), the /r/ possibly shifted to /l/ when borrowed then the /l/ was lost later on and became /w/.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kawaní",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kawani",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜏᜈᜒ",
      "tags": [
        "Baybayin"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kawaní",
        "b": "+",
        "head2": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "kawaní or kawani (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜏᜈᜒ)",
      "name": "tl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ka‧wa‧ni"
  ],
  "lang": "Tagalog",
  "lang_code": "tl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "eskribyente"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Tagalog formal terms",
        "Tagalog terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "government employee",
          "text": "kawani ng pamahalaan",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "employee"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "employee",
          "employee"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(formal) employee"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "empleado"
        },
        {
          "word": "tauhan"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "helper; aid; assistant"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "helper",
          "helper"
        ],
        [
          "aid",
          "aid"
        ],
        [
          "assistant",
          "assistant"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "katulong"
        },
        {
          "word": "katulungin"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kawaˈni/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɐ.wɐˈni]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈwani/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɐˈwa.nɪ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "cauani"
    },
    {
      "word": "Spanish-based orthography"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kawani"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Tagalog 3-syllable words",
    "Tagalog adjectives",
    "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
    "Tagalog lemmas",
    "Tagalog nouns",
    "Tagalog terms borrowed from Malay",
    "Tagalog terms derived from Malay",
    "Tagalog terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "Tagalog terms derived from Tamil",
    "Tagalog terms prefixed with ka-",
    "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
    "Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ka",
        "3": "wani"
      },
      "expansion": "ka- + wani",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "kerani",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clerk",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Malay kerani (“clerk”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "kerani",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clerk",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowed from Malay kerani (“clerk”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "کراني"
      },
      "expansion": "کراني",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ta",
        "3": "கிராணி",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clerk"
      },
      "expansion": "Tamil கிராணி (kirāṇi, “clerk”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "करण",
        "t": "scribe"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “scribe”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "ر",
        "tr": "r"
      },
      "expansion": "ر (r)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "و",
        "tr": "w"
      },
      "expansion": "و (w)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From ka- + wani, according to Panganiban (1972).\nAlternatively, borrowed from Malay kerani (“clerk”) (written in Jawi as کراني), ultimately from Tamil கிராணி (kirāṇi, “clerk”) or from Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “scribe”). Theories on the linkage from Malay include:\n* According to Potet (2016), when the word was introduced to Tagalog, the Jawi letter ر (r) was probably mistaken for the letter و (w).\n* According to Zorc (1981), the /r/ possibly shifted to /l/ when borrowed then the /l/ was lost later on and became /w/.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "awaní",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kawani",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜏᜈᜒ",
      "tags": [
        "Baybayin"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "awaní",
        "b": "+",
        "head2": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "awaní or kawani (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜏᜈᜒ)",
      "name": "tl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ka‧wa‧ni"
  ],
  "lang": "Tagalog",
  "lang_code": "tl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "working as an employee or helper"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "working",
          "working"
        ],
        [
          "employee",
          "employee"
        ],
        [
          "helper",
          "helper"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kawaˈni/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɐ.wɐˈni]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈwani/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɐˈwa.nɪ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "cauani"
    },
    {
      "word": "Spanish-based orthography"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kawani"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.