See kaluga on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kaluga meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "калуга",
"3": "Калуга",
"der2": "1",
"pos2": "proper name"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: калуга (kaluga), ⇒ Калуга (Kaluga, proper name)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: калуга (kaluga), ⇒ Калуга (Kaluga, proper name)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kaľuga"
},
"expansion": "*kaľuga",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "*калю́га",
"qq": "< *kaľuga"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: *калю́га (*kaljúha) (< *kaľuga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: *калю́га (*kaljúha) (< *kaľuga)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "калю́га"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: калю́га (kaljúha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: калю́га (kaljúha)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "калю́га",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: калю́га (kaljúha) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: калю́га (kaljúha) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "калу́га",
"3": "Калуга",
"der2": "1",
"pos2": "toponym",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Russian: калу́га (kalúga), ⇒ Калуга (Kaluga, toponym) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: калу́га (kalúga), ⇒ Калуга (Kaluga, toponym) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "калу́га",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: калу́га (kalúga) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: калу́га (kalúga) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ка̀љуга",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ка̀љуга",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ка̀љуга"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kàljuga",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kàljuga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kàljuga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "*kaluha",
"3": "Kaluha",
"der2": "1",
"pos2": "proper name"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: *kaluha, ⇒ Kaluha (proper name)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: *kaluha, ⇒ Kaluha (proper name)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kaluha",
"3": "kałuha",
"qq2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kaluha, kałuha (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kaluha, kałuha (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kaluga",
"3": "kalëga"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: kaluga, kalëga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: kaluga, kalëga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kaługa",
"3": "kaluga",
"qq": "archaic, dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kaługa, kaluga (archaic, dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kaługa, kaluga (archaic, dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kalъ",
"3": "*-uga",
"t1": "mud, dirt"
},
"expansion": "*kalъ (“mud, dirt”) + *-uga",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kaľuža"
},
"expansion": "*kaľuža",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kaluža"
},
"expansion": "*kaluža",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kalъ (“mud, dirt”) + *-uga. Related to *kaľuža and *kaluža.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kaluga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaludzě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kalugy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kaludzě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kalugǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kalugojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kalugasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kalugo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaluga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-uga",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"puddle"
],
"id": "en-kaluga-sla-pro-noun-K4zPGQAN",
"links": [
[
"puddle",
"puddle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"swamp, bog, quagmire"
],
"id": "en-kaluga-sla-pro-noun-gwUR2Asm",
"links": [
[
"swamp",
"swamp"
],
[
"bog",
"bog"
],
[
"quagmire",
"quagmire"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "kaluga"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalugas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kaluga (plural kalugas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Acipenseriform fish",
"orig": "en:Acipenseriform fish",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Huso dauricus, a sturgeon of the Amur river basin in northeast China and southeast Russia."
],
"id": "en-kaluga-en-noun-rVw9u9MF",
"links": [
[
"Amur",
"Amur"
]
]
}
],
"word": "kaluga"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalugas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kaluga (plural kalugas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"en:Acipenseriform fish"
],
"glosses": [
"Huso dauricus, a sturgeon of the Amur river basin in northeast China and southeast Russia."
],
"links": [
[
"Amur",
"Amur"
]
]
}
],
"word": "kaluga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-uga",
"sla-pro:Landforms",
"sla-pro:Water"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "калуга",
"3": "Калуга",
"der2": "1",
"pos2": "proper name"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: калуга (kaluga), ⇒ Калуга (Kaluga, proper name)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: калуга (kaluga), ⇒ Калуга (Kaluga, proper name)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kaľuga"
},
"expansion": "*kaľuga",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "*калю́га",
"qq": "< *kaľuga"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: *калю́га (*kaljúha) (< *kaľuga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: *калю́га (*kaljúha) (< *kaľuga)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "калю́га"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: калю́га (kaljúha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: калю́га (kaljúha)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "калю́га",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: калю́га (kaljúha) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: калю́га (kaljúha) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "калу́га",
"3": "Калуга",
"der2": "1",
"pos2": "toponym",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Russian: калу́га (kalúga), ⇒ Калуга (Kaluga, toponym) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: калу́га (kalúga), ⇒ Калуга (Kaluga, toponym) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "калу́га",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: калу́га (kalúga) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: калу́га (kalúga) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ка̀љуга",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ка̀љуга",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ка̀љуга"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kàljuga",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kàljuga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kàljuga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "*kaluha",
"3": "Kaluha",
"der2": "1",
"pos2": "proper name"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: *kaluha, ⇒ Kaluha (proper name)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: *kaluha, ⇒ Kaluha (proper name)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kaluha",
"3": "kałuha",
"qq2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kaluha, kałuha (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kaluha, kałuha (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kaluga",
"3": "kalëga"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: kaluga, kalëga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: kaluga, kalëga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kaługa",
"3": "kaluga",
"qq": "archaic, dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kaługa, kaluga (archaic, dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kaługa, kaluga (archaic, dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kalъ",
"3": "*-uga",
"t1": "mud, dirt"
},
"expansion": "*kalъ (“mud, dirt”) + *-uga",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kaľuža"
},
"expansion": "*kaľuža",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kaluža"
},
"expansion": "*kaluža",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kalъ (“mud, dirt”) + *-uga. Related to *kaľuža and *kaluža.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kaluga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaludzě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kalugy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kaludzě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kalugǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kalugojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kalugasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalugaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "kalugo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaluga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"puddle"
],
"links": [
[
"puddle",
"puddle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"swamp, bog, quagmire"
],
"links": [
[
"swamp",
"swamp"
],
[
"bog",
"bog"
],
[
"quagmire",
"quagmire"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "kaluga"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.