See kaša on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kaša",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kaša",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kaša"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kaša",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ка́ша"
},
"expansion": "Russian ка́ша (káša)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kasza"
},
"expansion": "Polish kasza",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kaša. Related to Russian ка́ша (káša) and Polish kasza.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kȁša",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ка̏ша",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kȁša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kȃšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "kȁša"
},
"expansion": "kȁša f (Cyrillic spelling ка̏ша)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧ša"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kȁša",
"10": "kaše",
"11": "kaši",
"12": "kašama",
"13": "kašom",
"14": "kašama",
"2": "kaše",
"3": "kaše",
"4": "kȃšā",
"5": "kaši",
"6": "kašama",
"7": "kašu",
"8": "kaše",
"9": "kašo"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "sh:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"porridge"
],
"id": "en-kaša-sh-noun-Tu4r3KTy",
"links": [
[
"porridge",
"porridge"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kâʃa/"
}
],
"word": "kaša"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kaša",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kaša",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kaša"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kaša",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "каша"
},
"expansion": "Russian каша (kaša)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kaša. Related to Russian каша (kaša).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaše",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káš",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaší",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulica",
"tags": [
"declension-pattern-of"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sk-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kaša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaší",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašiam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašiach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"decl": "ulica",
"gen": "kaše",
"genpl": "káš, kaší",
"pl": "kaše"
},
"expansion": "kaša f (genitive singular kaše, nominative plural kaše, genitive plural káš, kaší, declension pattern of ulica)",
"name": "sk-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧ša"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaša",
"10": "kaše",
"11": "kašiach",
"12": "kašami",
"2": "kaše",
"3": "kaši",
"4": "kašu",
"5": "kaši",
"6": "kašou",
"7": "kaše",
"8": "káš, kaší",
"9": "kašiam"
},
"name": "sk-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak terms without declension paradigm",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sk",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "sk:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kašička"
},
{
"word": "kašový"
}
],
"glosses": [
"porridge"
],
"id": "en-kaša-sk-noun-Tu4r3KTy",
"links": [
[
"porridge",
"porridge"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʃa]"
}
],
"word": "kaša"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kašica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "kašьka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "pertaining to porridge",
"word": "kašьnъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kašavъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "mushy",
"word": "kašęstъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "каша",
"t": "cereal meal"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: каша (kaša, “cereal meal”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: каша (kaša, “cereal meal”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ка́ша"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ка́ша (káša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ка́ша (káša)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ка́ша"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ка́ша (káša)\n→ English: kasha\n→ Romanian: cașă (Moldova)\n→ Tofa: һааша (haaša)\n→ Yakut: хааһы (qaahı)\n→ Yiddish: קאַשע (kashe)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ка́ша (káša)\n→ English: kasha\n→ Romanian: cașă (Moldova)\n→ Tofa: һааша (haaša)\n→ Yakut: хааһы (qaahı)\n→ Yiddish: קאַשע (kashe)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ка́ша"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ка́ша (káša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ка́ша (káša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ка́ша"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ка́ша (káša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ка́ша (káša)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "каша"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: каша (kaša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: каша (kaša)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ка̏ша",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ка̏ша",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ка̏ша"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kȁša",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kȁša",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kȁša"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "káša",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: káša",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "káša"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: káša (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: káša (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kašě"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kašě",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kašě"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kaše"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kaše",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kaše"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kasza"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kasza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kasza"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kaša"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kaša",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kaša"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "kása",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: kása",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: kása"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cașă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: cașă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: cașă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "káza",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: káza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: káza"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kóšti",
"3": "",
"4": "to filter, strain"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kóšti (“to filter, strain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kãst",
"3": "",
"4": "to leach"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kãst (“to leach”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grūtiz",
"3": "",
"4": "groats"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grūtiz (“groats”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "се́чка",
"3": "",
"4": "grist cereal"
},
"expansion": "Russian се́чка (séčka, “grist cereal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kes-",
"3": "",
"4": "to scrape, to mow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scrape, to mow”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*česati",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *česati (“to scratch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "ťösör",
"3": "",
"4": "groats"
},
"expansion": "Polabian ťösör (“groats”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kvasъ",
"3": "",
"4": "leaven"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kvasъ (“leaven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ква́ша",
"3": "",
"4": "sour broth"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian ква́ша (kváša, “sour broth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kweh₂t-",
"4": "*kweh₂t(H)-",
"t": "to boil, to leaven"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kweh₂t(H)- (“to boil, to leaven”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kóšti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kóšti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kuôšs",
"t": "clear, transparent, fine, delicate, beautiful"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kuôšs (“clear, transparent, fine, delicate, beautiful”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kanxta",
"3": "",
"4": "fine, descent"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kanxta (“fine, descent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόσκινον",
"t": "sieve"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόσκινον (kóskinon, “sieve”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कषति",
"t": "scratch"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratch”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier *kasja, traditionally posited to be related to Lithuanian kóšti (“to filter, strain”), kõšė (“porridge”); Latvian kãst (“to leach”) (first proposed by Zubatý). Trubačev argues that the modern attested meaning developed from initial “ground cereal”. Compare analogous developments in Proto-Germanic *grūtiz (“groats”) (from *greutaną (“to grind”)), Russian се́чка (séčka, “grist cereal”) (from сечь (sečʹ, “to chop”)).\nFurther origin disputed:\n* An old interpretation due to Potebnja (effectively) suggests origin from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scrape, to mow”) (whence Proto-Slavic *česati (“to scratch”), *kosati (“to beat”)), which is formally incompatable with the accentology of *kàša. Rejected by Vasmer, however, compare Polabian ťösör (“groats”) (< *kosorь).\n* Iljinsky alternatively suggests possible relation to Proto-Slavic *kvasъ (“leaven”), region. *kvaša (whence Russian, Ukrainian ква́ша (kváša, “sour broth”)), *kyša (“slush”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kweh₂t(H)- (“to boil, to leaven”). Semantic aspect doubted by Trubačev.\n* Būga compares Lithuanian kóšti with Latvian kuôšs (“clear, transparent, fine, delicate, beautiful”) (modern košs) but Endzelīns rejects it, claiming instead kinship of the Latvian adjective to Old Prussian kanxta (“fine, descent”).\nIn the past, comparison had been further drawn to Ancient Greek κόσκινον (kóskinon, “sieve”), Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratch”), both refuted by Vasmer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kàša",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kaša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšāmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšējǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšāmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšāsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kàše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kàši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaša",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ground cereal"
],
"id": "en-kaša-sla-pro-noun-H8XRd9aQ",
"links": [
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"cereal",
"cereal"
]
],
"qualifier": "perhaps originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(perhaps originally) ground cereal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*melivo"
},
{
"word": "*krupa"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ja",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"porridge, gruel, mush"
],
"id": "en-kaša-sla-pro-noun-3ylWcIOC",
"links": [
[
"porridge",
"porridge"
],
[
"gruel",
"gruel"
],
[
"mush",
"mush"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "kaša"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ja"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kašica"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "kašьka"
},
{
"english": "pertaining to porridge",
"word": "kašьnъ"
},
{
"word": "kašavъ"
},
{
"english": "mushy",
"word": "kašęstъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "каша",
"t": "cereal meal"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: каша (kaša, “cereal meal”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: каша (kaša, “cereal meal”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ка́ша"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ка́ша (káša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ка́ша (káša)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ка́ша"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ка́ша (káša)\n→ English: kasha\n→ Romanian: cașă (Moldova)\n→ Tofa: һааша (haaša)\n→ Yakut: хааһы (qaahı)\n→ Yiddish: קאַשע (kashe)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ка́ша (káša)\n→ English: kasha\n→ Romanian: cașă (Moldova)\n→ Tofa: һааша (haaša)\n→ Yakut: хааһы (qaahı)\n→ Yiddish: קאַשע (kashe)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ка́ша"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ка́ша (káša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ка́ша (káša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ка́ша"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ка́ша (káša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ка́ша (káša)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "каша"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: каша (kaša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: каша (kaša)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ка̏ша",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ка̏ша",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ка̏ша"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kȁša",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kȁša",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kȁša"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "káša",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: káša",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "káša"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: káša (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: káša (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kašě"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kašě",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kašě"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kaše"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kaše",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kaše"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kasza"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kasza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kasza"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kaša"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kaša",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kaša"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "kása",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: kása",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: kása"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cașă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: cașă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: cașă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "káza",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: káza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: káza"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kóšti",
"3": "",
"4": "to filter, strain"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kóšti (“to filter, strain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kãst",
"3": "",
"4": "to leach"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kãst (“to leach”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grūtiz",
"3": "",
"4": "groats"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grūtiz (“groats”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "се́чка",
"3": "",
"4": "grist cereal"
},
"expansion": "Russian се́чка (séčka, “grist cereal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kes-",
"3": "",
"4": "to scrape, to mow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scrape, to mow”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*česati",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *česati (“to scratch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "ťösör",
"3": "",
"4": "groats"
},
"expansion": "Polabian ťösör (“groats”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kvasъ",
"3": "",
"4": "leaven"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kvasъ (“leaven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ква́ша",
"3": "",
"4": "sour broth"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian ква́ша (kváša, “sour broth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kweh₂t-",
"4": "*kweh₂t(H)-",
"t": "to boil, to leaven"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kweh₂t(H)- (“to boil, to leaven”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kóšti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kóšti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kuôšs",
"t": "clear, transparent, fine, delicate, beautiful"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kuôšs (“clear, transparent, fine, delicate, beautiful”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kanxta",
"3": "",
"4": "fine, descent"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kanxta (“fine, descent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόσκινον",
"t": "sieve"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόσκινον (kóskinon, “sieve”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कषति",
"t": "scratch"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratch”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier *kasja, traditionally posited to be related to Lithuanian kóšti (“to filter, strain”), kõšė (“porridge”); Latvian kãst (“to leach”) (first proposed by Zubatý). Trubačev argues that the modern attested meaning developed from initial “ground cereal”. Compare analogous developments in Proto-Germanic *grūtiz (“groats”) (from *greutaną (“to grind”)), Russian се́чка (séčka, “grist cereal”) (from сечь (sečʹ, “to chop”)).\nFurther origin disputed:\n* An old interpretation due to Potebnja (effectively) suggests origin from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scrape, to mow”) (whence Proto-Slavic *česati (“to scratch”), *kosati (“to beat”)), which is formally incompatable with the accentology of *kàša. Rejected by Vasmer, however, compare Polabian ťösör (“groats”) (< *kosorь).\n* Iljinsky alternatively suggests possible relation to Proto-Slavic *kvasъ (“leaven”), region. *kvaša (whence Russian, Ukrainian ква́ша (kváša, “sour broth”)), *kyša (“slush”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kweh₂t(H)- (“to boil, to leaven”). Semantic aspect doubted by Trubačev.\n* Būga compares Lithuanian kóšti with Latvian kuôšs (“clear, transparent, fine, delicate, beautiful”) (modern košs) but Endzelīns rejects it, claiming instead kinship of the Latvian adjective to Old Prussian kanxta (“fine, descent”).\nIn the past, comparison had been further drawn to Ancient Greek κόσκινον (kóskinon, “sieve”), Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratch”), both refuted by Vasmer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kàša",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kaša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšāmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšējǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšāmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšāsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kàše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kàši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kàšę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaša",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ground cereal"
],
"links": [
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"cereal",
"cereal"
]
],
"qualifier": "perhaps originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(perhaps originally) ground cereal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*melivo"
},
{
"word": "*krupa"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sla-pro:Foods"
],
"glosses": [
"porridge, gruel, mush"
],
"links": [
[
"porridge",
"porridge"
],
[
"gruel",
"gruel"
],
[
"mush",
"mush"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "kaša"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kaša",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kaša",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kaša"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kaša",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ка́ша"
},
"expansion": "Russian ка́ша (káša)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kasza"
},
"expansion": "Polish kasza",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kaša. Related to Russian ка́ша (káša) and Polish kasza.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kȁša",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ка̏ша",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kȁša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kȃšā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "kȁša"
},
"expansion": "kȁša f (Cyrillic spelling ка̏ша)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧ša"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kȁša",
"10": "kaše",
"11": "kaši",
"12": "kašama",
"13": "kašom",
"14": "kašama",
"2": "kaše",
"3": "kaše",
"4": "kȃšā",
"5": "kaši",
"6": "kašama",
"7": "kašu",
"8": "kaše",
"9": "kašo"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"sh:Foods"
],
"glosses": [
"porridge"
],
"links": [
[
"porridge",
"porridge"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kâʃa/"
}
],
"word": "kaša"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kašička"
},
{
"word": "kašový"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kaša",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kaša",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kaša"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kaša",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "каша"
},
"expansion": "Russian каша (kaša)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kaša. Related to Russian каша (kaša).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaše",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káš",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaší",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulica",
"tags": [
"declension-pattern-of"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sk-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kaša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaší",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašiam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašiach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"decl": "ulica",
"gen": "kaše",
"genpl": "káš, kaší",
"pl": "kaše"
},
"expansion": "kaša f (genitive singular kaše, nominative plural kaše, genitive plural káš, kaší, declension pattern of ulica)",
"name": "sk-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧ša"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaša",
"10": "kaše",
"11": "kašiach",
"12": "kašami",
"2": "kaše",
"3": "kaši",
"4": "kašu",
"5": "kaši",
"6": "kašou",
"7": "kaše",
"8": "káš, kaší",
"9": "kašiam"
},
"name": "sk-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovak feminine nouns",
"Slovak lemmas",
"Slovak links with redundant wikilinks",
"Slovak nouns",
"Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Slovak terms without declension paradigm",
"sk:Foods"
],
"glosses": [
"porridge"
],
"links": [
[
"porridge",
"porridge"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʃa]"
}
],
"word": "kaša"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kaša meaning in All languages combined (16.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.