See kľuti on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kľuti meaning in All languages combined (18.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "slander, calumny",
"word": "kleveta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "woodpecker",
"word": "klьvačь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "pecker, chisel",
"word": "klьvьcь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "beak; in East Slavic",
"word": "kľuvъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "beak; in South Slavic",
"word": "kľunъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "trap",
"word": "kľusa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "key",
"word": "kľučь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hook",
"word": "kľuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "bench",
"word": "klupa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "lump, clod",
"word": "kľuta"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кълва́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: кълва́ (kǎlvá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: кълва́ (kǎlvá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "колва"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: колва (kolva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: колва (kolva)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "клева́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: клева́ть (klevátʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: клева́ть (klevátʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "кльвати"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: кльвати (klĭvati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: кльвати (klĭvati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "клю́вам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: клю́вам (kljúvam)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: клю́вам (kljúvam) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kljeváti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kljeváti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kljeváti (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "klvati",
"t": "to peck"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: klvati (“to peck”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: klvati (“to peck”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "klvati",
"3": "klíti",
"4": "klovat",
"5": "klobat",
"6": "klubat se",
"qq1": "obsolete",
"qq2": "obsolete",
"qq4": "uncommon",
"t3": "to peck",
"t5": "to hatch"
},
"expansion": "Czech: klvati (obsolete), klíti (obsolete), klovat (“to peck”), klobat (uncommon), klubat se (“to hatch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: klvati (obsolete), klíti (obsolete), klovat (“to peck”), klobat (uncommon), klubat se (“to hatch”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "klwać"
},
"expansion": "Polish: klwać",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Polish: klwać (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "клюва́ць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: клюва́ць (kljuvácʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: клюва́ць (kljuvácʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "клюва́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: клюва́ти (kljuváty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: клюва́ти (kljuváty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кљу̏вати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: кљу̏вати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: кљу̏вати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kljȕvati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kljȕvati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kljȕvati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kljuváti",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kljuváti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kljuváti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kljuváti (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kljuváti (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kłuć"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kłuć",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kluti"
},
"expansion": "*kluti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kľuvati"
},
"expansion": "*kľuvati",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "only the infinitive reflects <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*kluti</i>",
"2": "inflects as <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*kľuvati</i>"
},
"expansion": "(only the infinitive reflects *kluti, inflects as *kľuvati)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kluć"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kluć",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kłuć (only the infinitive reflects *kluti, inflects as *kľuvati); Polish: kluć"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kľuvať"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kľuvať",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kľuvať"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kluwać"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kluwać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kluwać"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kluwaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kluwaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kluwaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kolti",
"3": "*-uti",
"t1": "to stab"
},
"expansion": "*kolti (“to stab”) + *-uti",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kljautei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kljautei",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*klewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *klewh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelh₂-",
"t": "to beat, to stab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, to stab”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kľьvati"
},
"expansion": "*kľьvati",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kliū́ti",
"3": "",
"4": "to cleave"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to cleave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kļūt",
"3": "",
"4": "to become"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kļūt (“to become”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kľuti"
},
"expansion": "*kľuti",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An archaic proto-form of *kolti (“to stab”) + *-uti, reflecting Proto-Balto-Slavic *kljautei, from Proto-Indo-European *klewh₂-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, to stab”). Survives only in Bulgarian and Macedonian. Other languages reflect the doublet *kľьvati, with an identical meaning. Cognate with Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to cleave”) and Latvian kļūt (“to become”).\nThe surviving descendants exhibit depalatalized root vowel, however, the original was most likely with a soft root vowel, i.e. *kľuti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kľunǫti",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kluti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "klutъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьveši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "klьveta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvěvě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvěta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvěmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvěte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kľuję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľuješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľuji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľuji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "klьv-a",
"3": "-",
"ap": "c",
"inf": "kluti"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"3": "h-",
"ap": "c",
"inf": "kľьvati"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kľuti",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to stab, to slaugther",
"word": "kolti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to shake",
"word": "koltiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to curse",
"word": "klęti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "stake",
"word": "kolъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kъlъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "fang, tusk",
"word": "kъlykъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-uti",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/C-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/V-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to peck, to prickle"
],
"id": "en-kľuti-sla-pro-verb-DVsp1tbT",
"links": [
[
"peck",
"peck"
],
[
"prickle",
"prickle"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bite"
],
"id": "en-kľuti-sla-pro-verb-Swb~XZyh",
"links": [
[
"bite",
"bite"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kľьvati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "inflects in the same way as *kľьvati",
"word": "kľuvati"
}
],
"word": "kľuti"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic ablauting verbs",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-uti",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/C-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/V-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/2root",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/inf",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "slander, calumny",
"word": "kleveta"
},
{
"english": "woodpecker",
"word": "klьvačь"
},
{
"english": "pecker, chisel",
"word": "klьvьcь"
},
{
"english": "beak; in East Slavic",
"word": "kľuvъ"
},
{
"english": "beak; in South Slavic",
"word": "kľunъ"
},
{
"english": "trap",
"word": "kľusa"
},
{
"english": "key",
"word": "kľučь"
},
{
"english": "hook",
"word": "kľuka"
},
{
"english": "bench",
"word": "klupa"
},
{
"english": "lump, clod",
"word": "kľuta"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кълва́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: кълва́ (kǎlvá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: кълва́ (kǎlvá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "колва"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: колва (kolva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: колва (kolva)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "клева́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: клева́ть (klevátʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: клева́ть (klevátʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "кльвати"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: кльвати (klĭvati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: кльвати (klĭvati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "клю́вам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: клю́вам (kljúvam)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: клю́вам (kljúvam) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kljeváti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kljeváti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kljeváti (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "klvati",
"t": "to peck"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: klvati (“to peck”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: klvati (“to peck”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "klvati",
"3": "klíti",
"4": "klovat",
"5": "klobat",
"6": "klubat se",
"qq1": "obsolete",
"qq2": "obsolete",
"qq4": "uncommon",
"t3": "to peck",
"t5": "to hatch"
},
"expansion": "Czech: klvati (obsolete), klíti (obsolete), klovat (“to peck”), klobat (uncommon), klubat se (“to hatch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: klvati (obsolete), klíti (obsolete), klovat (“to peck”), klobat (uncommon), klubat se (“to hatch”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "klwać"
},
"expansion": "Polish: klwać",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Polish: klwać (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "клюва́ць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: клюва́ць (kljuvácʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: клюва́ць (kljuvácʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "клюва́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: клюва́ти (kljuváty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: клюва́ти (kljuváty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кљу̏вати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: кљу̏вати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: кљу̏вати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kljȕvati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kljȕvati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kljȕvati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kljuváti",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kljuváti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kljuváti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kljuváti (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kljuváti (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kłuć"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kłuć",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kluti"
},
"expansion": "*kluti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kľuvati"
},
"expansion": "*kľuvati",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "only the infinitive reflects <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*kluti</i>",
"2": "inflects as <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*kľuvati</i>"
},
"expansion": "(only the infinitive reflects *kluti, inflects as *kľuvati)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kluć"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kluć",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kłuć (only the infinitive reflects *kluti, inflects as *kľuvati); Polish: kluć"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kľuvať"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kľuvať",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kľuvať"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kluwać"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kluwać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kluwać"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kluwaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kluwaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kluwaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kolti",
"3": "*-uti",
"t1": "to stab"
},
"expansion": "*kolti (“to stab”) + *-uti",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kljautei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kljautei",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*klewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *klewh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelh₂-",
"t": "to beat, to stab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, to stab”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kľьvati"
},
"expansion": "*kľьvati",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kliū́ti",
"3": "",
"4": "to cleave"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to cleave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kļūt",
"3": "",
"4": "to become"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kļūt (“to become”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kľuti"
},
"expansion": "*kľuti",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An archaic proto-form of *kolti (“to stab”) + *-uti, reflecting Proto-Balto-Slavic *kljautei, from Proto-Indo-European *klewh₂-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, to stab”). Survives only in Bulgarian and Macedonian. Other languages reflect the doublet *kľьvati, with an identical meaning. Cognate with Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to cleave”) and Latvian kļūt (“to become”).\nThe surviving descendants exhibit depalatalized root vowel, however, the original was most likely with a soft root vowel, i.e. *kľuti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kľunǫti",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kluti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "klutъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьveši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "klьveta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvěvě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvěta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvěmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "klьvěte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kľuję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľuješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľuji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kľuji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľьvaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kľujite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "klьv-a",
"3": "-",
"ap": "c",
"inf": "kluti"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"3": "h-",
"ap": "c",
"inf": "kľьvati"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kľuti",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to stab, to slaugther",
"word": "kolti"
},
{
"english": "to shake",
"word": "koltiti"
},
{
"english": "to curse",
"word": "klęti"
},
{
"english": "stake",
"word": "kolъ"
},
{
"word": "kъlъ"
},
{
"english": "fang, tusk",
"word": "kъlykъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to peck, to prickle"
],
"links": [
[
"peck",
"peck"
],
[
"prickle",
"prickle"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bite"
],
"links": [
[
"bite",
"bite"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kľьvati"
},
{
"alt": "inflects in the same way as *kľьvati",
"word": "kľuvati"
}
],
"word": "kľuti"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.