See káuˀlas on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "kauls"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: kauls",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: kauls"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kaũls"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kaũls",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kaũls"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "káulas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: káulas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: káulas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂ulós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καυλός",
"t": "stem, pole"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem, pole”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós, with accent retraction due to Hirt's law. Cognate with Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem, pole”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-o-m-fixed",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlai⁽ˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlō⁽ˀ⁾ns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlāu⁽ˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlāu⁽ˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlaišu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlamā⁽ˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlamas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlamāˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀle",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlai⁽ˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*káuˀlas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "káuˀl"
},
"name": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-o-m-fixed"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*káuˀlas",
"10": "káuˀlāu⁽ˀ⁾",
"11": "káuˀlāu⁽ˀ⁾",
"12": "káuˀlamā⁽ˀ⁾",
"13": "káuˀlamāˀ",
"14": "káuˀlōˀ",
"15": "káuˀlai⁽ˀ⁾",
"16": "káuˀlō⁽ˀ⁾ns",
"17": "káuˀlōn",
"18": "káuˀlaišu",
"19": "káuˀlamas",
"2": "*káuˀlan",
"20": "káuˀlōis",
"21": "káuˀlai⁽ˀ⁾",
"3": "*káuˀlā",
"4": "*káuˀlai",
"5": "*káuˀlōi",
"6": "*káuˀlōˀ",
"7": "*káuˀle",
"8": "káuˀlōˀ",
"9": "káuˀlōˀ",
"title": "Declension of *káuˀlas (o-stem, fixed accent)"
},
"name": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/káuˀlas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Balto-Slavic nominals with fixed accent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bone"
],
"id": "en-káuˀlas-ine-bsl-pro-noun-yNrPZX~p",
"links": [
[
"bone",
"bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "káuˀlas"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "kauls"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: kauls",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: kauls"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kaũls"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kaũls",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kaũls"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "káulas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: káulas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: káulas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂ulós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καυλός",
"t": "stem, pole"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem, pole”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós, with accent retraction due to Hirt's law. Cognate with Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem, pole”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-o-m-fixed",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlai⁽ˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlō⁽ˀ⁾ns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlāu⁽ˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlāu⁽ˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlaišu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlamā⁽ˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlamas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlamāˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀle",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlōˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "káuˀlai⁽ˀ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*káuˀlas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "káuˀl"
},
"name": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-o-m-fixed"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*káuˀlas",
"10": "káuˀlāu⁽ˀ⁾",
"11": "káuˀlāu⁽ˀ⁾",
"12": "káuˀlamā⁽ˀ⁾",
"13": "káuˀlamāˀ",
"14": "káuˀlōˀ",
"15": "káuˀlai⁽ˀ⁾",
"16": "káuˀlō⁽ˀ⁾ns",
"17": "káuˀlōn",
"18": "káuˀlaišu",
"19": "káuˀlamas",
"2": "*káuˀlan",
"20": "káuˀlōis",
"21": "káuˀlai⁽ˀ⁾",
"3": "*káuˀlā",
"4": "*káuˀlai",
"5": "*káuˀlōi",
"6": "*káuˀlōˀ",
"7": "*káuˀle",
"8": "káuˀlōˀ",
"9": "káuˀlōˀ",
"title": "Declension of *káuˀlas (o-stem, fixed accent)"
},
"name": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/káuˀlas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic nominals with fixed accent",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"bone"
],
"links": [
[
"bone",
"bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "káuˀlas"
}
Download raw JSONL data for káuˀlas meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.