See jua kali on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sw",
"3": "jua kali"
},
"expansion": "Swahili jua kali",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Swahili jua kali.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"nolinkhead": "1"
},
"expansion": "jua kali (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kenyan English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "89 2 3 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 2 3 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The informal economy; self-employment other than agriculture."
],
"id": "en-jua_kali-en-noun-KawT9KGg",
"links": [
[
"informal",
"informal"
],
[
"economy",
"economy"
],
[
"self-employment",
"self-employment"
],
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) The informal economy; self-employment other than agriculture."
],
"tags": [
"Kenya",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "jua kali"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "jua",
"3": "kali",
"lit": "hot sun",
"t1": "sun",
"t2": "fierce"
},
"expansion": "jua (“sun”) + kali (“fierce”), literally “hot sun”",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From jua (“sun”) + kali (“fierce”), literally “hot sun”. The sense of work comes from such work usually being carried out outdoor in the sun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jua kali",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "noun",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "jua kali",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "jua kali (n class, plural jua kali)",
"name": "sw-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kenyan Swahili",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 November 13, Mark Wiens, “Jua Kali – The Informal Kenyan Sector for “Git Er Done””, in Migrationology (in English):",
"text": "Under the beating rays of the equatorial sunshine, shaded by plastic bags or at best beneath an antique sheet of mabati (tin roofing), jua kali entrepreneurs make it their mission to keep things alive and working.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"craft or artisan work"
],
"id": "en-jua_kali-sw-noun-wlByVJXg",
"links": [
[
"craft",
"craft"
],
[
"artisan",
"artisan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) craft or artisan work"
],
"tags": [
"Kenya",
"class-10",
"class-9"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kenyan Swahili",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 66 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996 October 5, Kenneth King, “Microenterprise: Macroeconomic environment: Revisiting Kenya's informal (jua kali) sector against the background of the formal globalising economy”, in International Journal of Educational Development, volume 16, number 4 (in English), pages 417-426:",
"text": "Was it a question of graduating from the roadside, and from under the hot sun (jua kali) which had given the Kenyan informal sector its now current name to a permanent stone-built workshop?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"informal sector"
],
"id": "en-jua_kali-sw-noun-HGnNdyb3",
"links": [
[
"informal",
"informal"
],
[
"sector",
"sector"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) informal sector"
],
"tags": [
"Kenya",
"class-10",
"class-9"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kenyan Swahili",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shoddy work?"
],
"id": "en-jua_kali-sw-noun-kJgAM6IE",
"links": [
[
"shoddy",
"shoddy"
],
[
"work",
"work"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) shoddy work?"
],
"tags": [
"Kenya",
"class-10",
"class-9"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see jua, kali."
],
"id": "en-jua_kali-sw-noun-fOq7Gifs",
"links": [
[
"jua",
"jua#Swahili"
],
[
"kali",
"kali#Swahili"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-jua kali.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/Sw-ke-jua_kali.flac/Sw-ke-jua_kali.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/Sw-ke-jua_kali.flac/Sw-ke-jua_kali.flac.ogg"
}
],
"word": "jua kali"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sw",
"3": "jua kali"
},
"expansion": "Swahili jua kali",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Swahili jua kali.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"nolinkhead": "1"
},
"expansion": "jua kali (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Swahili",
"English terms derived from Swahili",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Kenyan English",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"The informal economy; self-employment other than agriculture."
],
"links": [
[
"informal",
"informal"
],
[
"economy",
"economy"
],
[
"self-employment",
"self-employment"
],
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) The informal economy; self-employment other than agriculture."
],
"tags": [
"Kenya",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "jua kali"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swahili compound terms",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili multiword terms",
"Swahili n class nouns",
"Swahili nouns"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "jua",
"3": "kali",
"lit": "hot sun",
"t1": "sun",
"t2": "fierce"
},
"expansion": "jua (“sun”) + kali (“fierce”), literally “hot sun”",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From jua (“sun”) + kali (“fierce”), literally “hot sun”. The sense of work comes from such work usually being carried out outdoor in the sun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jua kali",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "noun",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "jua kali",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "jua kali (n class, plural jua kali)",
"name": "sw-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kenyan Swahili",
"Swahili terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 November 13, Mark Wiens, “Jua Kali – The Informal Kenyan Sector for “Git Er Done””, in Migrationology (in English):",
"text": "Under the beating rays of the equatorial sunshine, shaded by plastic bags or at best beneath an antique sheet of mabati (tin roofing), jua kali entrepreneurs make it their mission to keep things alive and working.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"craft or artisan work"
],
"links": [
[
"craft",
"craft"
],
[
"artisan",
"artisan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) craft or artisan work"
],
"tags": [
"Kenya",
"class-10",
"class-9"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Kenyan Swahili",
"Swahili terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996 October 5, Kenneth King, “Microenterprise: Macroeconomic environment: Revisiting Kenya's informal (jua kali) sector against the background of the formal globalising economy”, in International Journal of Educational Development, volume 16, number 4 (in English), pages 417-426:",
"text": "Was it a question of graduating from the roadside, and from under the hot sun (jua kali) which had given the Kenyan informal sector its now current name to a permanent stone-built workshop?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"informal sector"
],
"links": [
[
"informal",
"informal"
],
[
"sector",
"sector"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) informal sector"
],
"tags": [
"Kenya",
"class-10",
"class-9"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Kenyan Swahili"
],
"glosses": [
"shoddy work?"
],
"links": [
[
"shoddy",
"shoddy"
],
[
"work",
"work"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) shoddy work?"
],
"tags": [
"Kenya",
"class-10",
"class-9"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see jua, kali."
],
"links": [
[
"jua",
"jua#Swahili"
],
[
"kali",
"kali#Swahili"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-jua kali.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/Sw-ke-jua_kali.flac/Sw-ke-jua_kali.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/Sw-ke-jua_kali.flac/Sw-ke-jua_kali.flac.ogg"
}
],
"word": "jua kali"
}
Download raw JSONL data for jua kali meaning in All languages combined (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.