"jáuˀrāˀ" meaning in All languages combined

See jáuˀrāˀ on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Balto-Slavic]

Etymology: Disputed: * Formally matches Old Armenian ջուր (ǰur, “water”), Thracian Iuras (river in Strandzha, recorded by Pliny), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *yewH- + r-suffix. Favoured by Meillet, Solta, Olsen. * Another possibility is origin from reduplicated or metathesized variants of wider attested *h₁wer(s)- (“to precipitate”) or Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“to spring, to gush”). Initial *j- in this case would be due to regular sound change pIE *eu > pBSl *jau in tautosyllabic environment. Potential relatives include Sanskrit वारि (vā́ri, “water”), Latin ūrīna (“urine”), Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron, “urine”), Old Norse ver (“sea”), Proto-Slavic *virъ (“spring”), possibly Old Armenian գայռ (gayṙ, “mud”). * Schmidt alternatively considers relation to Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “steam, breeze”). No Slavic descendants are safely deduced. Superficial match to the related i-stem is dial. Russian вырь (vyrʹ, “wirlpool”) (for the development Proto-Balto-Slavic *jū- > Proto-Slavic *vy- compare the pronoun *vy (“you”)). The fabled names for “Otherworld, Elysium” in a handful of Slavic languages: * East Slavic: ** Belarusian: вы́рай (výraj) ** Russian: вы́рей (výrej) ** Ukrainian: ви́рiй (výrij) * West Slavic: ** Polish: wyraj have been also suggested as possible cognates, however, with lesser certainty. These mythonyms could alternatively be *vъ- prefixed variants of the Iranian borrowing *jьrьjь (“Aryan realm”) (whence Russian ирей (irej), Ukrainian ірій (irij), Serbo-Croatian ириј, Czech irij), which Early Slavs believed to be the place where birds migrate during winter. Other theories also exist. Derksen qualifies the existence of Slavic descendants as "highly uncertain". Etymology templates: {{cog|xcl|ջուր||water}} Old Armenian ջուր (ǰur, “water”), {{cog|txh|Iuras}} Thracian Iuras, {{q|river in Strandzha|recorded by Pliny}} (river in Strandzha, recorded by Pliny), {{der|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|*yewH-}} Proto-Indo-European *yewH-, {{der|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|*h₂wer-||to spring, to gush}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“to spring, to gush”), {{cog|sa|वारि||water|tr=vā́ri}} Sanskrit वारि (vā́ri, “water”), {{cog|la|ūrīna||urine}} Latin ūrīna (“urine”), {{cog|grc|οὖρον||urine}} Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron, “urine”), {{cog|non|ver||sea}} Old Norse ver (“sea”), {{cog|sla-pro|*virъ||spring}} Proto-Slavic *virъ (“spring”), {{cog|xcl|գայռ||mud}} Old Armenian գայռ (gayṙ, “mud”), {{cog|grc|αὔρᾱ||steam, breeze}} Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “steam, breeze”), {{cog|ru|вырь||wirlpool}} Russian вырь (vyrʹ, “wirlpool”), {{cog|ine-bsl-pro||*jū-}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *jū-, {{cog|sla-pro||*vy-}} Proto-Slavic *vy-, {{desc|be|вы́рай}} Belarusian: вы́рай (výraj), {{desc|ru|вы́рей}} Russian: вы́рей (výrej), {{desc|uk|ви́рiй}} Ukrainian: ви́рiй (výrij), {{desc|pl|wyraj}} Polish: wyraj, {{cog|ru|ирей}} Russian ирей (irej), {{cog|uk|ірій}} Ukrainian ірій (irij), {{cog|sh|ириј}} Serbo-Croatian ириј, {{cog|cs|irij}} Czech irij Head templates: {{head|ine-bsl-pro|noun|cat2=|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} *jáuˀrāˀ f Inflection templates: {{ine-bsl-decl-noun-a-f-fixed|jáuˀr}}, {{ine-bsl-decl-noun-table|*jáuˀrāˀ|*jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾n|*jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾s|*jáuˀrāiˀ|*jáuˀrāi|*jáuˀrāˀn|*jáuˀra|􂃘jáuˀrāiˀ|􂃘jáuˀrāiˀ|􂃘jáuˀrāu⁽ˀ⁾|􂃘jáuˀrāu⁽ˀ⁾|􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ⁾|􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ|􂃘jáuˀrāiˀ|􂃘jáuˀrās|􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾ns|􂃘jáuˀrōn|􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾su|􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mas|􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs|􂃘jáuˀrās|title=Declension of *jáuˀrāˀ (ā-stem, fixed accent)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], jáuˀrāˀ [nominative, singular], jáuˀrāiˀ [dual, nominative], jáuˀrās [nominative, plural], jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾n [accusative, singular], jáuˀrāiˀ [accusative, dual], jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾ns [accusative, plural], jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾s [genitive, singular], jáuˀrāu⁽ˀ [dual, genitive], jáuˀrōn [genitive, plural], jáuˀrāiˀ [locative, singular], jáuˀrāu⁽ˀ [dual, locative], jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾su [locative, plural], jáuˀrāi [dative, singular], jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ [dative, dual], jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mas [dative, plural], jáuˀrāˀn [instrumental, singular], jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ [dual, instrumental], jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs [instrumental, plural], jáuˀra [singular, vocative], jáuˀrāiˀ [dual, vocative], jáuˀrās [plural, vocative]
  1. body of water (lake, sea), marshland Wikipedia link: Oleg Trubachyov Tags: feminine, reconstruction Synonyms: jū́ˀrāˀ (0-grade), wū́ˀras (english: in Prussian) Related terms: jū́ˀris, jū́ˀrija Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic (english: wetland, moor), jáuˀrāˀ *jū́ˀrē (english: wetland, moor), jū́ˀrus (english: marshy)
    Sense id: en-jáuˀrāˀ-ine-bsl-pro-noun-xsXzpaK9 Categories (other): Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Balto-Slavic nominals with fixed accent

Download JSON data for jáuˀrāˀ meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Baltic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lv",
            "2": "jūra",
            "t": "sea"
          },
          "expansion": "Latvian: jūra (“sea”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latvian: jūra (“sea”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "jáura",
            "t": "marshy, damp place"
          },
          "expansion": "Lithuanian: jáura (“marshy, damp place”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lithuanian: jáura (“marshy, damp place”) (dialectal), jū́ra (“sea”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Baltic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "prg",
            "2": "wurs",
            "t": "pond"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Prussian: wurs (“pond”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Prussian: wurs (“pond”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-pro",
            "2": "*jäwrä",
            "bor": "1",
            "qq1": "Finno-Volgaic"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Uralic: *jäwrä (Finno-Volgaic)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Uralic: *jäwrä (Finno-Volgaic) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ջուր",
        "3": "",
        "4": "water"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian ջուր (ǰur, “water”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txh",
        "2": "Iuras"
      },
      "expansion": "Thracian Iuras",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "river in Strandzha",
        "2": "recorded by Pliny"
      },
      "expansion": "(river in Strandzha, recorded by Pliny)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*yewH-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yewH-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂wer-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to spring, to gush"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“to spring, to gush”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वारि",
        "3": "",
        "4": "water",
        "tr": "vā́ri"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit वारि (vā́ri, “water”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ūrīna",
        "3": "",
        "4": "urine"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ūrīna (“urine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "οὖρον",
        "3": "",
        "4": "urine"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron, “urine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ver",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sea"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse ver (“sea”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*virъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spring"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *virъ (“spring”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գայռ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian գայռ (gayṙ, “mud”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "αὔρᾱ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "steam, breeze"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “steam, breeze”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "вырь",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wirlpool"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian вырь (vyrʹ, “wirlpool”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*jū-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *jū-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*vy-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vy-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "вы́рай"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian: вы́рай (výraj)",
      "name": "desc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "вы́рей"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian: вы́рей (výrej)",
      "name": "desc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ви́рiй"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian: ви́рiй (výrij)",
      "name": "desc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "wyraj"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish: wyraj",
      "name": "desc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ирей"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ирей (irej)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ірій"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian ірій (irij)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "ириј"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ириј",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "irij"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech irij",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Disputed:\n* Formally matches Old Armenian ջուր (ǰur, “water”), Thracian Iuras (river in Strandzha, recorded by Pliny), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *yewH- + r-suffix. Favoured by Meillet, Solta, Olsen.\n* Another possibility is origin from reduplicated or metathesized variants of wider attested *h₁wer(s)- (“to precipitate”) or Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“to spring, to gush”). Initial *j- in this case would be due to regular sound change pIE *eu > pBSl *jau in tautosyllabic environment. Potential relatives include Sanskrit वारि (vā́ri, “water”), Latin ūrīna (“urine”), Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron, “urine”), Old Norse ver (“sea”), Proto-Slavic *virъ (“spring”), possibly Old Armenian գայռ (gayṙ, “mud”).\n* Schmidt alternatively considers relation to Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “steam, breeze”).\nNo Slavic descendants are safely deduced. Superficial match to the related i-stem is dial. Russian вырь (vyrʹ, “wirlpool”) (for the development Proto-Balto-Slavic *jū- > Proto-Slavic *vy- compare the pronoun *vy (“you”)). The fabled names for “Otherworld, Elysium” in a handful of Slavic languages:\n* East Slavic:\n** Belarusian: вы́рай (výraj)\n** Russian: вы́рей (výrej)\n** Ukrainian: ви́рiй (výrij)\n* West Slavic:\n** Polish: wyraj\nhave been also suggested as possible cognates, however, with lesser certainty. These mythonyms could alternatively be *vъ- prefixed variants of the Iranian borrowing *jьrьjь (“Aryan realm”) (whence Russian ирей (irej), Ukrainian ірій (irij), Serbo-Croatian ириј, Czech irij), which Early Slavs believed to be the place where birds migrate during winter. Other theories also exist.\nDerksen qualifies the existence of Slavic descendants as \"highly uncertain\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-a-f-fixed",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾ns",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāu⁽ˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāu⁽ˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾su",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāˀn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*jáuˀrāˀ f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jáuˀr"
      },
      "name": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-a-f-fixed"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*jáuˀrāˀ",
        "10": "􂃘jáuˀrāu⁽ˀ⁾",
        "11": "􂃘jáuˀrāu⁽ˀ⁾",
        "12": "􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ⁾",
        "13": "􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ",
        "14": "􂃘jáuˀrāiˀ",
        "15": "􂃘jáuˀrās",
        "16": "􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾ns",
        "17": "􂃘jáuˀrōn",
        "18": "􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾su",
        "19": "􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mas",
        "2": "*jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾n",
        "20": "􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs",
        "21": "􂃘jáuˀrās",
        "3": "*jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾s",
        "4": "*jáuˀrāiˀ",
        "5": "*jáuˀrāi",
        "6": "*jáuˀrāˀn",
        "7": "*jáuˀra",
        "8": "􂃘jáuˀrāiˀ",
        "9": "􂃘jáuˀrāiˀ",
        "title": "Declension of *jáuˀrāˀ (ā-stem, fixed accent)"
      },
      "name": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/jáuˀrāˀ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Balto-Slavic nominals with fixed accent",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "body of water (lake, sea), marshland"
      ],
      "id": "en-jáuˀrāˀ-ine-bsl-pro-noun-xsXzpaK9",
      "links": [
        [
          "body of water",
          "body of water"
        ],
        [
          "lake",
          "lake"
        ],
        [
          "sea",
          "sea"
        ],
        [
          "marshland",
          "marshland"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "jū́ˀris"
        },
        {
          "english": "wetland, moor",
          "word": "jū́ˀrija Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic"
        },
        {
          "english": "wetland, moor",
          "word": "jáuˀrāˀ *jū́ˀrē"
        },
        {
          "english": "marshy",
          "word": "jū́ˀrus"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "jū́ˀrāˀ (0-grade)"
        },
        {
          "english": "in Prussian",
          "word": "wū́ˀras"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Oleg Trubachyov"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "jáuˀrāˀ"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Baltic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lv",
            "2": "jūra",
            "t": "sea"
          },
          "expansion": "Latvian: jūra (“sea”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latvian: jūra (“sea”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "jáura",
            "t": "marshy, damp place"
          },
          "expansion": "Lithuanian: jáura (“marshy, damp place”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lithuanian: jáura (“marshy, damp place”) (dialectal), jū́ra (“sea”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Baltic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "prg",
            "2": "wurs",
            "t": "pond"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Prussian: wurs (“pond”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Prussian: wurs (“pond”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-pro",
            "2": "*jäwrä",
            "bor": "1",
            "qq1": "Finno-Volgaic"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Uralic: *jäwrä (Finno-Volgaic)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Uralic: *jäwrä (Finno-Volgaic) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ջուր",
        "3": "",
        "4": "water"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian ջուր (ǰur, “water”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txh",
        "2": "Iuras"
      },
      "expansion": "Thracian Iuras",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "river in Strandzha",
        "2": "recorded by Pliny"
      },
      "expansion": "(river in Strandzha, recorded by Pliny)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*yewH-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yewH-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂wer-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to spring, to gush"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“to spring, to gush”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वारि",
        "3": "",
        "4": "water",
        "tr": "vā́ri"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit वारि (vā́ri, “water”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ūrīna",
        "3": "",
        "4": "urine"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ūrīna (“urine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "οὖρον",
        "3": "",
        "4": "urine"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron, “urine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ver",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sea"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse ver (“sea”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*virъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spring"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *virъ (“spring”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գայռ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian գայռ (gayṙ, “mud”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "αὔρᾱ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "steam, breeze"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “steam, breeze”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "вырь",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wirlpool"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian вырь (vyrʹ, “wirlpool”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*jū-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *jū-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*vy-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vy-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "вы́рай"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian: вы́рай (výraj)",
      "name": "desc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "вы́рей"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian: вы́рей (výrej)",
      "name": "desc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ви́рiй"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian: ви́рiй (výrij)",
      "name": "desc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "wyraj"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish: wyraj",
      "name": "desc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ирей"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ирей (irej)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ірій"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian ірій (irij)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "ириј"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ириј",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "irij"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech irij",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Disputed:\n* Formally matches Old Armenian ջուր (ǰur, “water”), Thracian Iuras (river in Strandzha, recorded by Pliny), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *yewH- + r-suffix. Favoured by Meillet, Solta, Olsen.\n* Another possibility is origin from reduplicated or metathesized variants of wider attested *h₁wer(s)- (“to precipitate”) or Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“to spring, to gush”). Initial *j- in this case would be due to regular sound change pIE *eu > pBSl *jau in tautosyllabic environment. Potential relatives include Sanskrit वारि (vā́ri, “water”), Latin ūrīna (“urine”), Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron, “urine”), Old Norse ver (“sea”), Proto-Slavic *virъ (“spring”), possibly Old Armenian գայռ (gayṙ, “mud”).\n* Schmidt alternatively considers relation to Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “steam, breeze”).\nNo Slavic descendants are safely deduced. Superficial match to the related i-stem is dial. Russian вырь (vyrʹ, “wirlpool”) (for the development Proto-Balto-Slavic *jū- > Proto-Slavic *vy- compare the pronoun *vy (“you”)). The fabled names for “Otherworld, Elysium” in a handful of Slavic languages:\n* East Slavic:\n** Belarusian: вы́рай (výraj)\n** Russian: вы́рей (výrej)\n** Ukrainian: ви́рiй (výrij)\n* West Slavic:\n** Polish: wyraj\nhave been also suggested as possible cognates, however, with lesser certainty. These mythonyms could alternatively be *vъ- prefixed variants of the Iranian borrowing *jьrьjь (“Aryan realm”) (whence Russian ирей (irej), Ukrainian ірій (irij), Serbo-Croatian ириј, Czech irij), which Early Slavs believed to be the place where birds migrate during winter. Other theories also exist.\nDerksen qualifies the existence of Slavic descendants as \"highly uncertain\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-a-f-fixed",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾ns",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāu⁽ˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāu⁽ˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾su",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāˀn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrāiˀ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jáuˀrās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*jáuˀrāˀ f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jáuˀr"
      },
      "name": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-a-f-fixed"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*jáuˀrāˀ",
        "10": "􂃘jáuˀrāu⁽ˀ⁾",
        "11": "􂃘jáuˀrāu⁽ˀ⁾",
        "12": "􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ⁾",
        "13": "􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ",
        "14": "􂃘jáuˀrāiˀ",
        "15": "􂃘jáuˀrās",
        "16": "􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾ns",
        "17": "􂃘jáuˀrōn",
        "18": "􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾su",
        "19": "􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mas",
        "2": "*jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾n",
        "20": "􂃘jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs",
        "21": "􂃘jáuˀrās",
        "3": "*jáuˀrā⁽ˀ⁾s",
        "4": "*jáuˀrāiˀ",
        "5": "*jáuˀrāi",
        "6": "*jáuˀrāˀn",
        "7": "*jáuˀra",
        "8": "􂃘jáuˀrāiˀ",
        "9": "􂃘jáuˀrāiˀ",
        "title": "Declension of *jáuˀrāˀ (ā-stem, fixed accent)"
      },
      "name": "ine-bsl-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/jáuˀrāˀ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "jū́ˀris"
    },
    {
      "english": "wetland, moor",
      "word": "jū́ˀrija Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic"
    },
    {
      "english": "wetland, moor",
      "word": "jáuˀrāˀ *jū́ˀrē"
    },
    {
      "english": "marshy",
      "word": "jū́ˀrus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic feminine nouns",
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic nominals with fixed accent",
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Balto-Slavic ā-stem nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "body of water (lake, sea), marshland"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "body of water",
          "body of water"
        ],
        [
          "lake",
          "lake"
        ],
        [
          "sea",
          "sea"
        ],
        [
          "marshland",
          "marshland"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Oleg Trubachyov"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "jū́ˀrāˀ (0-grade)"
    },
    {
      "english": "in Prussian",
      "word": "wū́ˀras"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jáuˀrāˀ"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.