See helmô on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*helmō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *helmō\nOld English: helma\nMiddle English: halm\nEnglish: helm\nOld Saxon: *helma\nMiddle Low German: helm; holm (-o- from -a-? or from a zero-grade?)\n→ German: Holm\nOld Dutch: *helma\nMiddle Dutch: helm\nDutch: helm\nOld High German: halme\nMiddle High German: halme, halm, helm\nGerman: Helm (dialectal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *helmō\nOld English: helma\nMiddle English: halm\nEnglish: helm\nOld Saxon: *helma\nMiddle Low German: helm; holm (-o- from -a-? or from a zero-grade?)\n→ German: Holm\nOld Dutch: *helma\nMiddle Dutch: helm\nDutch: helm\nOld High German: halme\nMiddle High German: halme, halm, helm\nGerman: Helm (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmvǫlr",
"3": "hjalmurvǫlr",
"4": "hjalmarvǫlr",
"5": "hjalmunvǫlr",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: hjalmvǫlr, hjalmurvǫlr, hjalmarvǫlr, hjalmunvǫlr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: hjalmvǫlr, hjalmurvǫlr, hjalmarvǫlr, hjalmunvǫlr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"id1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱél-mō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱél-mō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*helaną",
"3": "*-mô"
},
"expansion": "*helaną + *-mô",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शर्मन्",
"3": "",
"4": "shelter, protection",
"tr": "śárman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शर्मन् (śárman, “shelter, protection”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱélh₂-m(on)-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)-",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *ḱél-mō, earlier *ḱél-mn̥, from the root *ḱel- (“to cover”); equivalent to *helaną + *-mô. Cognate with Sanskrit शर्मन् (śárman, “shelter, protection”). However, the semantic connection is weak.\nAn alternative theory by Kroonen links *halmaz and *helmaz (“haulm, straw, stalk, cane”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)-, assuming the original meaning of *helmô was closer to “cane” and referred just to the shaft of a handle implement.\nNote the presence of *(s)- in the related synonyms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "helmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "helmanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hilminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hilmini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hilminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/helmô",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "skalmō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "skalmiz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-mô",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"handle, especially for steering a boat: helm, tiller"
],
"id": "en-helmô-gem-pro-noun-3T7pvAw5",
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"steer",
"steer"
],
[
"boat",
"boat"
],
[
"helm",
"helm"
],
[
"tiller",
"tiller"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rudder"
],
"id": "en-helmô-gem-pro-noun-N9gPQ~Q8",
"links": [
[
"rudder",
"rudder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*rōþrą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "helmô"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-mô"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*helmō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *helmō\nOld English: helma\nMiddle English: halm\nEnglish: helm\nOld Saxon: *helma\nMiddle Low German: helm; holm (-o- from -a-? or from a zero-grade?)\n→ German: Holm\nOld Dutch: *helma\nMiddle Dutch: helm\nDutch: helm\nOld High German: halme\nMiddle High German: halme, halm, helm\nGerman: Helm (dialectal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *helmō\nOld English: helma\nMiddle English: halm\nEnglish: helm\nOld Saxon: *helma\nMiddle Low German: helm; holm (-o- from -a-? or from a zero-grade?)\n→ German: Holm\nOld Dutch: *helma\nMiddle Dutch: helm\nDutch: helm\nOld High German: halme\nMiddle High German: halme, halm, helm\nGerman: Helm (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjalmvǫlr",
"3": "hjalmurvǫlr",
"4": "hjalmarvǫlr",
"5": "hjalmunvǫlr",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: hjalmvǫlr, hjalmurvǫlr, hjalmarvǫlr, hjalmunvǫlr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: hjalmvǫlr, hjalmurvǫlr, hjalmarvǫlr, hjalmunvǫlr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"id1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱél-mō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱél-mō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*helaną",
"3": "*-mô"
},
"expansion": "*helaną + *-mô",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शर्मन्",
"3": "",
"4": "shelter, protection",
"tr": "śárman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शर्मन् (śárman, “shelter, protection”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱélh₂-m(on)-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)-",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *ḱél-mō, earlier *ḱél-mn̥, from the root *ḱel- (“to cover”); equivalent to *helaną + *-mô. Cognate with Sanskrit शर्मन् (śárman, “shelter, protection”). However, the semantic connection is weak.\nAn alternative theory by Kroonen links *halmaz and *helmaz (“haulm, straw, stalk, cane”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)-, assuming the original meaning of *helmô was closer to “cane” and referred just to the shaft of a handle implement.\nNote the presence of *(s)- in the related synonyms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "helmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "helmanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hilminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hilmini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hilminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helmammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/helmô",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "skalmō"
},
{
"word": "skalmiz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Tools",
"gem-pro:Watercraft"
],
"glosses": [
"handle, especially for steering a boat: helm, tiller"
],
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"steer",
"steer"
],
[
"boat",
"boat"
],
[
"helm",
"helm"
],
[
"tiller",
"tiller"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rudder"
],
"links": [
[
"rudder",
"rudder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*rōþrą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "helmô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for helmô meaning in All languages combined (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.