"hellebore" meaning in All languages combined

See hellebore on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈhɛlɪbɔː/ [UK], /ˈhɛlɪbɔːɹ/ [General-American] Forms: hellebores [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English ellebore, from Old French ellebre, elebore, from Medieval Latin eleborus, via Latin from Ancient Greek ἑλλέβορος (helléboros), possibly from ἄλκη (álkē, “elk [moose]”) βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat”). The initial h was restored in English to reflect the Ancient Greek etymology. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|ellebore}} Middle English ellebore, {{der|en|fro|ellebre}} Old French ellebre, {{m|fro|elebore}} elebore, {{der|en|ML.|eleborus}} Medieval Latin eleborus, {{der|en|la|-}} Latin, {{der|en|grc|ἑλλέβορος}} Ancient Greek ἑλλέβορος (helléboros), {{m|grc|ἄλκη||elk [moose]}} ἄλκη (álkē, “elk [moose]”), {{m|grc|βιβρώσκω||to eat}} βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} hellebore (countable and uncountable, plural hellebores)
  1. Any of the common garden flowering plants of the genus Helleborus, in family Ranunculaceae, having supposed medicinal properties. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (lifeform): Buttercup family plants, Flowers Synonyms (any species of genus Helleborus): Christmas rose (english: particularly Helleborus niger) Translations (Any species of genus Helleborus): ἑλλέβορος (helléboros) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), خَرْبَق (ḵarbaq) [masculine] (Arabic), ܚܘܪܒܟܢܐ (ḥurbaḵnā) [Classical-Syriac, masculine] (Aramaic), ղանձլամեր (ġanjlamer) (Armenian), եղեբորոս (eġeboros) (Armenian), otsababa (Basque), кукуряк (kukurjak) [masculine] (Bulgarian), el·lèbor [masculine] (Catalan), 鹿食草 (lùshícǎo) (Chinese Mandarin), 鐵筷子 (Chinese Mandarin), 铁筷子 (tiěkuàizi) (Chinese Mandarin), 嚏根草 (tìgēncǎo) (Chinese Mandarin), čemeřice [feminine] (Czech), nieskruid [neuter] (Dutch), теште (ťešťe) (Erzya), heleboro (Esperanto), jouluruusu (Finnish), hellébore [masculine] (French), ellébore [masculine] (French), Nieswurz [feminine] (German), Schneerose [feminine] (German), Christrose [feminine] (German), ελλέβορος (ellévoros) [masculine] (Greek), heleboro (Ido), eileabar [masculine] (Irish), elleboro [masculine] (Italian), аязшөп (aäzşöp) (Kazakh), ciemiernik [masculine] (Polish), heléboro [masculine] (Portuguese), elebor [masculine] (Romanian), spânz [masculine] (Romanian), cucurig [masculine] (Romanian), starnidella [feminine] (Romansch), чемери́ца (čemeríca) [feminine] (Russian), eléboro [masculine] (Spanish), julros [common-gender] (Swedish), pelydr [masculine] (Welsh), crafanc-yr-arth [feminine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-hellebore-en-noun-vsyXgtgO Disambiguation of Buttercup family plants: 64 36 Disambiguation of Flowers: 60 40 Disambiguation of 'any species of genus Helleborus': 91 9 Disambiguation of 'Any species of genus Helleborus': 91 9
  2. A toxic extract of certain false hellebores (Veratrum album or Veratrum viride), formerly used as a pesticide. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-hellebore-en-noun-GpJB~2ST Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 43 57 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 37 63
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: veratridine
Derived forms: American hellebore, American white hellebore (taxonomic: Veratrum viride), bastard hellebore (taxonomic: Helleborus viridis), big hellebore (taxonomic: Helleborus niger), black hellebore (taxonomic: Helleborus niger), European white hellebore (taxonomic: Veratrum album), false hellebore (english: any plant of genus Veratrum), fetid hellebore (Helleborus foetidus, green false hellebore (taxonomic: Veratrum viride), green hellebore (taxonomic: Helleborus viridis), helleborine, stinking hellebore (Helleborus foetidus, swamp hellebore (taxonomic: Veratrum viride), white hellebore (taxonomic: Veratrum viride), winter hellebore (alt: syn. Helleborus hyemalis) (taxonomic: Eranthis hyemalis)

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for hellebore meaning in All languages combined (12.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "American hellebore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Veratrum viride",
      "word": "American white hellebore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Helleborus viridis",
      "word": "bastard hellebore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Helleborus niger",
      "word": "big hellebore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Helleborus niger",
      "word": "black hellebore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Veratrum album",
      "word": "European white hellebore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "any plant of genus Veratrum",
      "word": "false hellebore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fetid hellebore (Helleborus foetidus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Veratrum viride",
      "word": "green false hellebore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Helleborus viridis",
      "word": "green hellebore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "helleborine"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "stinking hellebore (Helleborus foetidus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Veratrum viride",
      "word": "swamp hellebore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Veratrum viride",
      "word": "white hellebore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "syn. Helleborus hyemalis",
      "taxonomic": "Eranthis hyemalis",
      "word": "winter hellebore"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ellebore"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ellebore",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "ellebre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French ellebre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "elebore"
      },
      "expansion": "elebore",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "eleborus"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin eleborus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἑλλέβορος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἑλλέβορος (helléboros)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἄλκη",
        "3": "",
        "4": "elk [moose]"
      },
      "expansion": "ἄλκη (álkē, “elk [moose]”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βιβρώσκω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to eat"
      },
      "expansion": "βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ellebore, from Old French ellebre, elebore, from Medieval Latin eleborus, via Latin from Ancient Greek ἑλλέβορος (helléboros), possibly from ἄλκη (álkē, “elk [moose]”) βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat”). The initial h was restored in English to reflect the Ancient Greek etymology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hellebores",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "hellebore (countable and uncountable, plural hellebores)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "veratridine"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "64 36",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Buttercup family plants",
          "orig": "en:Buttercup family plants",
          "parents": [
            "Ranunculales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Flowers",
          "orig": "en:Flowers",
          "parents": [
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1811, Theodric Romeyn Beck, An Inaugural Dissertation on Insanity, page 29",
          "text": "Aretæus recommends moderate venæsection to be repeated, if the patient is plethoric, purging with black hellebore, and in some cases emetics; nourishing diet.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 157",
          "text": "Deadly nightshade, henbane, hellebore and mandrakes were of evil reputation[.]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "1998, Plinio Prioreschi, A History of Medicine, Volume III: Roman Medicine, page 122,\nThen the physician would use the king of remedies, the powerful one, hellebore: […] We suspect that after a sufficient number of administrations of hellebore the patient, if he had not done so before, would declare himself cured."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Janet Lembke, From Grass to Gardens: How to Reap Bounty from a Small Yard, page 189",
          "text": "It's Virgil who sends me to the hellebores. He mentions them as a component of an ointment to be applied to sheep suffering from skin diseases. The ointment comprises “olive oil lees mixed with silver slag, sulphur, pitch from Mount Ida, wax rich in oil, sea-squill, as well, and strong hellebore and black bitumen.”",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of the common garden flowering plants of the genus Helleborus, in family Ranunculaceae, having supposed medicinal properties."
      ],
      "id": "en-hellebore-en-noun-vsyXgtgO",
      "links": [
        [
          "garden",
          "garden"
        ],
        [
          "flower",
          "flower"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant"
        ],
        [
          "Helleborus",
          "Helleborus#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Ranunculaceae",
          "Ranunculaceae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "medicinal",
          "medicinal"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "english": "particularly Helleborus niger",
          "sense": "any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "Christmas rose"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḵarbaq",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "خَرْبَق"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "syc",
          "lang": "Aramaic",
          "roman": "ḥurbaḵnā",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "Classical-Syriac",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ܚܘܪܒܟܢܐ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "ġanjlamer",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "ղանձլամեր"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "eġeboros",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "եղեբորոս"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "otsababa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "kukurjak",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "кукуряк"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "el·lèbor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "lùshícǎo",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "鹿食草"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "鐵筷子"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "tiěkuàizi",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "铁筷子"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "tìgēncǎo",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "嚏根草"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "čemeřice"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "nieskruid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "myv",
          "lang": "Erzya",
          "roman": "ťešťe",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "теште"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "heleboro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "jouluruusu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hellébore"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ellébore"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Nieswurz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Schneerose"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Christrose"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ellévoros",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ελλέβορος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "helléboros",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ἑλλέβορος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "heleboro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "eileabar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "elleboro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "aäzşöp",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "word": "аязшөп"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ciemiernik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "heléboro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "elebor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "spânz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cucurig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "rm",
          "lang": "Romansch",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "starnidella"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "čemeríca",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "чемери́ца"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "eléboro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "julros"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pelydr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 9",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "crafanc-yr-arth"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "1915 July 14, Leland Ossian Howard, Robert Harris Hutchison, House Flies, US Department of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin No. 679, page 15,\nOf the numerous substances tried, the one which seems best to fulfill these conditions is powdered hellebore. Some of the powdered hellebore in use is prepared from the roots of a plant which botanists know as Veratrum viride, and which is popularly known as Indian polk or itch weed."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Jeff Gillman, The Truth About Garden Remedies: What Works, What Doesn't, and Why, page 110",
          "text": "Hellebore is a classic insecticide that has not found much favor in today's pest-control recommendations, though it was certainly effective for its time. In some organic pest-control books information on hellebore can still be found, but by and large its use went out of favor in the 1920s and 1930s.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A toxic extract of certain false hellebores (Veratrum album or Veratrum viride), formerly used as a pesticide."
      ],
      "id": "en-hellebore-en-noun-GpJB~2ST",
      "links": [
        [
          "false hellebore",
          "false hellebore"
        ],
        [
          "Veratrum album",
          "Veratrum album#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɛlɪbɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɛlɪbɔːɹ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "hellebore"
  ],
  "word": "hellebore"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Buttercup family plants",
    "en:Flowers"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "American hellebore"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Veratrum viride",
      "word": "American white hellebore"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Helleborus viridis",
      "word": "bastard hellebore"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Helleborus niger",
      "word": "big hellebore"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Helleborus niger",
      "word": "black hellebore"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Veratrum album",
      "word": "European white hellebore"
    },
    {
      "english": "any plant of genus Veratrum",
      "word": "false hellebore"
    },
    {
      "word": "fetid hellebore (Helleborus foetidus"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Veratrum viride",
      "word": "green false hellebore"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Helleborus viridis",
      "word": "green hellebore"
    },
    {
      "word": "helleborine"
    },
    {
      "word": "stinking hellebore (Helleborus foetidus"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Veratrum viride",
      "word": "swamp hellebore"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Veratrum viride",
      "word": "white hellebore"
    },
    {
      "alt": "syn. Helleborus hyemalis",
      "taxonomic": "Eranthis hyemalis",
      "word": "winter hellebore"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ellebore"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ellebore",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "ellebre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French ellebre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "elebore"
      },
      "expansion": "elebore",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "eleborus"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin eleborus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἑλλέβορος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἑλλέβορος (helléboros)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἄλκη",
        "3": "",
        "4": "elk [moose]"
      },
      "expansion": "ἄλκη (álkē, “elk [moose]”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βιβρώσκω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to eat"
      },
      "expansion": "βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ellebore, from Old French ellebre, elebore, from Medieval Latin eleborus, via Latin from Ancient Greek ἑλλέβορος (helléboros), possibly from ἄλκη (álkē, “elk [moose]”) βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat”). The initial h was restored in English to reflect the Ancient Greek etymology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hellebores",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "hellebore (countable and uncountable, plural hellebores)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "veratridine"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1811, Theodric Romeyn Beck, An Inaugural Dissertation on Insanity, page 29",
          "text": "Aretæus recommends moderate venæsection to be repeated, if the patient is plethoric, purging with black hellebore, and in some cases emetics; nourishing diet.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 157",
          "text": "Deadly nightshade, henbane, hellebore and mandrakes were of evil reputation[.]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "1998, Plinio Prioreschi, A History of Medicine, Volume III: Roman Medicine, page 122,\nThen the physician would use the king of remedies, the powerful one, hellebore: […] We suspect that after a sufficient number of administrations of hellebore the patient, if he had not done so before, would declare himself cured."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Janet Lembke, From Grass to Gardens: How to Reap Bounty from a Small Yard, page 189",
          "text": "It's Virgil who sends me to the hellebores. He mentions them as a component of an ointment to be applied to sheep suffering from skin diseases. The ointment comprises “olive oil lees mixed with silver slag, sulphur, pitch from Mount Ida, wax rich in oil, sea-squill, as well, and strong hellebore and black bitumen.”",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of the common garden flowering plants of the genus Helleborus, in family Ranunculaceae, having supposed medicinal properties."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "garden",
          "garden"
        ],
        [
          "flower",
          "flower"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant"
        ],
        [
          "Helleborus",
          "Helleborus#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Ranunculaceae",
          "Ranunculaceae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "medicinal",
          "medicinal"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "1915 July 14, Leland Ossian Howard, Robert Harris Hutchison, House Flies, US Department of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin No. 679, page 15,\nOf the numerous substances tried, the one which seems best to fulfill these conditions is powdered hellebore. Some of the powdered hellebore in use is prepared from the roots of a plant which botanists know as Veratrum viride, and which is popularly known as Indian polk or itch weed."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Jeff Gillman, The Truth About Garden Remedies: What Works, What Doesn't, and Why, page 110",
          "text": "Hellebore is a classic insecticide that has not found much favor in today's pest-control recommendations, though it was certainly effective for its time. In some organic pest-control books information on hellebore can still be found, but by and large its use went out of favor in the 1920s and 1930s.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A toxic extract of certain false hellebores (Veratrum album or Veratrum viride), formerly used as a pesticide."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "false hellebore",
          "false hellebore"
        ],
        [
          "Veratrum album",
          "Veratrum album#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɛlɪbɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɛlɪbɔːɹ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "particularly Helleborus niger",
      "sense": "any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "Christmas rose"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḵarbaq",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "خَرْبَق"
    },
    {
      "code": "syc",
      "lang": "Aramaic",
      "roman": "ḥurbaḵnā",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Syriac",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ܚܘܪܒܟܢܐ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "ġanjlamer",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "ղանձլամեր"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "eġeboros",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "եղեբորոս"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "otsababa"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "kukurjak",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "кукуряк"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "el·lèbor"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "lùshícǎo",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "鹿食草"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "鐵筷子"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "tiěkuàizi",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "铁筷子"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "tìgēncǎo",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "嚏根草"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "čemeřice"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "nieskruid"
    },
    {
      "code": "myv",
      "lang": "Erzya",
      "roman": "ťešťe",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "теште"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "heleboro"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "jouluruusu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hellébore"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ellébore"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Nieswurz"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Schneerose"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Christrose"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ellévoros",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ελλέβορος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "helléboros",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ἑλλέβορος"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "heleboro"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "eileabar"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "elleboro"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "aäzşöp",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "word": "аязшөп"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ciemiernik"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "heléboro"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "elebor"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "spânz"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cucurig"
    },
    {
      "code": "rm",
      "lang": "Romansch",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "starnidella"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "čemeríca",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "чемери́ца"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "eléboro"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "julros"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pelydr"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "Any species of genus Helleborus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "crafanc-yr-arth"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "hellebore"
  ],
  "word": "hellebore"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.