See hardēn on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ūthardēn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "heardian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: heardian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: heardian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "harden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: harden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: harden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*herdia",
"3": "harda",
"4": "herda"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *herdia, harda, herda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hardijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hardijan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*hardijan</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hardijan)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *herdia, harda, herda (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hardijan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "häide"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: häide",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: häide"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hurdzje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: hurdzje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: hurdzje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*hardōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *hardōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *hardōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "harden",
"3": "hārden",
"4": "harren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: harden, hārden, harren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: harden, hārden, harren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "harden",
"3": "harren"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: harden, harren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: harden, harren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "harren",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Middle High German: harren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Middle High German: harren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "harren"
},
"expansion": "German: harren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: harren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "farhardōn",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Saxon: farhardōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Saxon: farhardōn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*hardon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *hardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *hardon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "harden",
"3": "herden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: harden, herden",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conflated with the descendant of *hardijan"
},
"expansion": "(conflated with the descendant of *hardijan)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: harden, herden (conflated with the descendant of *hardijan)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "harden"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: harden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: harden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hartēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hartēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hartēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "harten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: harten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: harten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hard(ī)",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "hard"
},
"expansion": "*hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-ēn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "hardē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hardē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hardē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*hardēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hardēn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hardijan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become hard, harden, solidify"
],
"id": "en-hardēn-gmw-pro-verb-qfCRazEM",
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"solidify",
"solidify"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be steadfast, endure"
],
"id": "en-hardēn-gmw-pro-verb-XKMUFrO5",
"links": [
[
"steadfast",
"steadfast"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hardēn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ūthardēn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "heardian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: heardian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: heardian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "harden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: harden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: harden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*herdia",
"3": "harda",
"4": "herda"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *herdia, harda, herda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hardijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hardijan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*hardijan</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hardijan)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *herdia, harda, herda (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hardijan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "häide"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: häide",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: häide"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hurdzje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: hurdzje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: hurdzje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*hardōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *hardōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *hardōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "harden",
"3": "hārden",
"4": "harren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: harden, hārden, harren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: harden, hārden, harren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "harden",
"3": "harren"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: harden, harren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: harden, harren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "harren",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Middle High German: harren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Middle High German: harren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "harren"
},
"expansion": "German: harren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: harren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "farhardōn",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Saxon: farhardōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Saxon: farhardōn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*hardon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *hardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *hardon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "harden",
"3": "herden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: harden, herden",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conflated with the descendant of *hardijan"
},
"expansion": "(conflated with the descendant of *hardijan)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: harden, herden (conflated with the descendant of *hardijan)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "harden"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: harden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: harden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hartēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hartēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hartēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "harten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: harten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: harten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hard(ī)",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "hard"
},
"expansion": "*hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-ēn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "hardē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hardē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hardē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hardēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hard?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*hardēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hardēn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "hardijan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to become hard, harden, solidify"
],
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"solidify",
"solidify"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be steadfast, endure"
],
"links": [
[
"steadfast",
"steadfast"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hardēn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hardēn meaning in All languages combined (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.