"gredzens" meaning in All languages combined

See gredzens on Wiktionary

Noun [Latvian]

IPA: [ɡɾædzæns] Audio: lv-riga-gredzens.ogg
Etymology: From an earlier (unattested) Latvian adjective *gregs (“turned, twisted, woven”) or noun *gred(z)is (“bay, bent”) (cf. place names like Gredzups) + -ens, from a verb *gregt (“to turn, to twist, to weave, to braid”), from Proto-Baltic *greg-, from Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *greg-, from a stem *ger- (“to turn, to twist”) (whence also griezt (“to turn”), q.v.) with an extra -g. The original meaning was “turned, bent, woven thing” > “round woven thing (like a wreath)” > “ring.” Cognates include Old Prussian graudis (corrected to grandis), Old Norse krākr (“bending, bay, hook”), Middle English crinkled (“turned, twisted”), English crinkle, Dutch krinkel (“loop, noose”). Etymology templates: {{cog|lv|-}} Latvian, {{m|lv|*gregs||turned, twisted, woven}} *gregs (“turned, twisted, woven”), {{m|lv|*gred(z)is||bay, bent}} *gred(z)is (“bay, bent”), {{m|lv|Gredzups}} Gredzups, {{suffix|lv||ens}} + -ens, {{m|lv|*gregt||to turn, to twist, to weave, to braid}} *gregt (“to turn, to twist, to weave, to braid”), {{der|lv|bat-pro|-}} Proto-Baltic, {{m|ine-bsl-pro|*greg-}} *greg-, {{der|lv|ine-pro|*gerg-}} Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, {{m|ine-pro|*greg-}} *greg-, {{m|ine-pro|*ger-||to turn, to twist}} *ger- (“to turn, to twist”), {{m|lv|griezt||to turn}} griezt (“to turn”), {{cog|prg|graudis}} Old Prussian graudis, {{m|prg|grandis}} grandis, {{cog|non|krākr||bending, bay, hook}} Old Norse krākr (“bending, bay, hook”), {{cog|enm|crinkled||turned, twisted}} Middle English crinkled (“turned, twisted”), {{cog|en|crinkle}} English crinkle, {{cog|nl|krinkel||loop, noose}} Dutch krinkel (“loop, noose”) Head templates: {{head|lv|noun|g=m|g2=|head=|sort=}} gredzens m, {{lv-noun|m|1st}} gredzens m (1st declension) Inflection templates: {{lv-decl-noun|gredzen|s|1st|extrawidth=-60}}, {{lv-decl-noun-1|gredzen|s|4=|5=|6=|7=|8=|drop-v=|keep-s=|x=-60}}, {{lv-decl-noun-table|gredzens|gredzeni|gredzenu|gredzenus|gredzena|gredzenu|gredzenam|gredzeniem|gredzenu|gredzeniem|gredzenā|gredzenos|gredzen|gredzeni|type=1st declension|x=-60}} Forms: declension-1 [table-tags], gredzens [nominative, singular], gredzeni [nominative, plural], gredzenu [accusative, singular], gredzenus [accusative, plural], gredzena [genitive, singular], gredzenu [genitive, plural], gredzenam [dative, singular], gredzeniem [dative, plural], gredzenu [instrumental, singular], gredzeniem [instrumental, plural], gredzenā [locative, singular], gredzenos [locative, plural], gredzen [singular, vocative], gredzeni [plural, vocative]
  1. ring (round piece of metal worn around the finger as a jewel or as a symbol) Tags: declension-1, masculine Categories (topical): Jewelry
    Sense id: en-gredzens-lv-noun-D-~9jgG3 Disambiguation of Jewelry: 47 28 13 13 Categories (other): Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup, Latvian etymologies from LEV, Latvian terms suffixed with -ens Disambiguation of Latvian entries with incorrect language header: 45 4 1 50 Disambiguation of Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup: 43 7 2 48 Disambiguation of Latvian etymologies from LEV: 42 8 5 45 Disambiguation of Latvian terms suffixed with -ens: 37 15 5 43
  2. ring (round piece of metal covering another circular or cylindrical object) Tags: declension-1, masculine
    Sense id: en-gredzens-lv-noun-1HfSK1Hv Categories (other): Latvian terms suffixed with -ens Disambiguation of Latvian terms suffixed with -ens: 37 15 5 43
  3. ring (something with the form of a ring (1, 2) or spiral) Tags: declension-1, masculine
    Sense id: en-gredzens-lv-noun-VGl3hAaD
  4. (literature) circle, circular (principle for composing works of art so that their end is equal or similar to their beginning) Tags: declension-1, masculine Categories (topical): Literature
    Sense id: en-gredzens-lv-noun-Mmb7SKjY Categories (other): Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup, Latvian etymologies from LEV, Latvian terms suffixed with -ens Disambiguation of Latvian entries with incorrect language header: 45 4 1 50 Disambiguation of Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup: 43 7 2 48 Disambiguation of Latvian etymologies from LEV: 42 8 5 45 Disambiguation of Latvian terms suffixed with -ens: 37 15 5 43 Topics: literature, media, publishing
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: riņķis Derived forms: virzuļa gredzens

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for gredzens meaning in All languages combined (10.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "virzuļa gredzens"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*gregs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "turned, twisted, woven"
      },
      "expansion": "*gregs (“turned, twisted, woven”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*gred(z)is",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bay, bent"
      },
      "expansion": "*gred(z)is (“bay, bent”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "Gredzups"
      },
      "expansion": "Gredzups",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "",
        "3": "ens"
      },
      "expansion": "+ -ens",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*gregt",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, to twist, to weave, to braid"
      },
      "expansion": "*gregt (“to turn, to twist, to weave, to braid”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*greg-"
      },
      "expansion": "*greg-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gerg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerg-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*greg-"
      },
      "expansion": "*greg-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ger-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, to twist"
      },
      "expansion": "*ger- (“to turn, to twist”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "griezt",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "griezt (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "graudis"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian graudis",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "grandis"
      },
      "expansion": "grandis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "krākr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bending, bay, hook"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse krākr (“bending, bay, hook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "crinkled",
        "3": "",
        "4": "turned, twisted"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English crinkled (“turned, twisted”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "crinkle"
      },
      "expansion": "English crinkle",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "krinkel",
        "3": "",
        "4": "loop, noose"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch krinkel (“loop, noose”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From an earlier (unattested) Latvian adjective *gregs (“turned, twisted, woven”) or noun *gred(z)is (“bay, bent”) (cf. place names like Gredzups) + -ens, from a verb *gregt (“to turn, to twist, to weave, to braid”), from Proto-Baltic *greg-, from Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *greg-, from a stem *ger- (“to turn, to twist”) (whence also griezt (“to turn”), q.v.) with an extra -g. The original meaning was “turned, bent, woven thing” > “round woven thing (like a wreath)” > “ring.” Cognates include Old Prussian graudis (corrected to grandis), Old Norse krākr (“bending, bay, hook”), Middle English crinkled (“turned, twisted”), English crinkle, Dutch krinkel (“loop, noose”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1st declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzeni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzeniem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzeniem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzeni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gredzens m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "1st"
      },
      "expansion": "gredzens m (1st declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gredzen",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "1st",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gredzen",
        "2": "s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gredzens",
        "10": "gredzeniem",
        "11": "gredzenā",
        "12": "gredzenos",
        "13": "gredzen",
        "14": "gredzeni",
        "2": "gredzeni",
        "3": "gredzenu",
        "4": "gredzenus",
        "5": "gredzena",
        "6": "gredzenu",
        "7": "gredzenam",
        "8": "gredzeniem",
        "9": "gredzenu",
        "type": "1st declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "45 4 1 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 7 2 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 8 5 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 15 5 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian terms suffixed with -ens",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 28 13 13",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Jewelry",
          "orig": "lv:Jewelry",
          "parents": [
            "Clothing",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "ring with a precious stone",
          "text": "gredzens ar dārgakmeni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "golden, diamond, ruby ring",
          "text": "zelta, briljanta, rubīna gredzens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to give a ring",
          "text": "dāvināt gradzenu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "a wedding ring",
          "text": "laulības gredzens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Vilma had left her wedding ring home, because that was just an old fashion: to go everywhere with the ring in (one's) finger",
          "text": "Vilma savu laulības gredzenu bija atstājusi mājās, jo tā tikai tāda veca mode: staigāt visur ar riņķi pirkstā",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "rings were an everyday ornament of ancient Latvians... they wore them on all fingers of both hands, except for the thumb... often (they) adorned one finger with several rings",
          "text": "ikdienas rota senlatviešiem bija gredzeni... tos nēsāja uz abu roku visiem pirkstiem, izņemot īkšķi... bieži vien vienu pirkstu rotāja pat vairāki gredzeni",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ring (round piece of metal worn around the finger as a jewel or as a symbol)"
      ],
      "id": "en-gredzens-lv-noun-D-~9jgG3",
      "links": [
        [
          "ring",
          "ring"
        ],
        [
          "round",
          "round#English"
        ],
        [
          "metal",
          "metal#English"
        ],
        [
          "finger",
          "finger#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "37 15 5 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian terms suffixed with -ens",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "piston ring",
          "text": "virzuļa gredzens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to remove the ring from a bird's legs",
          "text": "noņemt putnam no kājas gredzenu",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ring (round piece of metal covering another circular or cylindrical object)"
      ],
      "id": "en-gredzens-lv-noun-1HfSK1Hv",
      "links": [
        [
          "ring",
          "ring"
        ],
        [
          "round",
          "round#English"
        ],
        [
          "metal",
          "metal#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "tree annual rings",
          "text": "koka gadskārtu gredzeni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Saturn's rings",
          "text": "Saturna gredzeni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "nerve ring",
          "text": "nervu gredzens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to blow smoke rings in the air",
          "text": "izpūst gaisā dūmu gredzenus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to cut (something) in a circle (= creating a circular or spiral shape)",
          "text": "(sa)griezt gredzenā",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the snake rolled itself up into a ring",
          "text": "čūska saritinājās gredzenā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ring (something with the form of a ring (1, 2) or spiral)"
      ],
      "id": "en-gredzens-lv-noun-VGl3hAaD",
      "links": [
        [
          "ring",
          "ring"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form#English"
        ],
        [
          "ring",
          "ring#English"
        ],
        [
          "spiral",
          "spiral#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Literature",
          "orig": "lv:Literature",
          "parents": [
            "Culture",
            "Entertainment",
            "Writing",
            "Society",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Communication",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 4 1 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 7 2 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 8 5 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 15 5 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian terms suffixed with -ens",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a roman written according to the principle of circularity",
          "text": "romāns radīts pēc gredzena principā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "circle, circular (principle for composing works of art so that their end is equal or similar to their beginning)"
      ],
      "id": "en-gredzens-lv-noun-Mmb7SKjY",
      "links": [
        [
          "literature",
          "literature"
        ],
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ],
        [
          "circular",
          "circular"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literature) circle, circular (principle for composing works of art so that their end is equal or similar to their beginning)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "literature",
        "media",
        "publishing"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɡɾædzæns]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "lv-riga-gredzens.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Lv-riga-gredzens.ogg/Lv-riga-gredzens.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Lv-riga-gredzens.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "riņķis"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "lv:gredzens"
  ],
  "word": "gredzens"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian first declension nouns",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian masculine nouns",
    "Latvian nouns",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latvian terms suffixed with -ens",
    "Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latvian terms with audio links",
    "lv:Jewelry"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "virzuļa gredzens"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*gregs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "turned, twisted, woven"
      },
      "expansion": "*gregs (“turned, twisted, woven”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*gred(z)is",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bay, bent"
      },
      "expansion": "*gred(z)is (“bay, bent”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "Gredzups"
      },
      "expansion": "Gredzups",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "",
        "3": "ens"
      },
      "expansion": "+ -ens",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*gregt",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, to twist, to weave, to braid"
      },
      "expansion": "*gregt (“to turn, to twist, to weave, to braid”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*greg-"
      },
      "expansion": "*greg-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gerg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerg-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*greg-"
      },
      "expansion": "*greg-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ger-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, to twist"
      },
      "expansion": "*ger- (“to turn, to twist”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "griezt",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "griezt (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "graudis"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian graudis",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "grandis"
      },
      "expansion": "grandis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "krākr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bending, bay, hook"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse krākr (“bending, bay, hook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "crinkled",
        "3": "",
        "4": "turned, twisted"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English crinkled (“turned, twisted”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "crinkle"
      },
      "expansion": "English crinkle",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "krinkel",
        "3": "",
        "4": "loop, noose"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch krinkel (“loop, noose”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From an earlier (unattested) Latvian adjective *gregs (“turned, twisted, woven”) or noun *gred(z)is (“bay, bent”) (cf. place names like Gredzups) + -ens, from a verb *gregt (“to turn, to twist, to weave, to braid”), from Proto-Baltic *greg-, from Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *greg-, from a stem *ger- (“to turn, to twist”) (whence also griezt (“to turn”), q.v.) with an extra -g. The original meaning was “turned, bent, woven thing” > “round woven thing (like a wreath)” > “ring.” Cognates include Old Prussian graudis (corrected to grandis), Old Norse krākr (“bending, bay, hook”), Middle English crinkled (“turned, twisted”), English crinkle, Dutch krinkel (“loop, noose”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1st declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzeni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzeniem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzeniem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzenos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gredzeni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gredzens m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "1st"
      },
      "expansion": "gredzens m (1st declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gredzen",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "1st",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gredzen",
        "2": "s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gredzens",
        "10": "gredzeniem",
        "11": "gredzenā",
        "12": "gredzenos",
        "13": "gredzen",
        "14": "gredzeni",
        "2": "gredzeni",
        "3": "gredzenu",
        "4": "gredzenus",
        "5": "gredzena",
        "6": "gredzenu",
        "7": "gredzenam",
        "8": "gredzeniem",
        "9": "gredzenu",
        "type": "1st declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "ring with a precious stone",
          "text": "gredzens ar dārgakmeni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "golden, diamond, ruby ring",
          "text": "zelta, briljanta, rubīna gredzens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to give a ring",
          "text": "dāvināt gradzenu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "a wedding ring",
          "text": "laulības gredzens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Vilma had left her wedding ring home, because that was just an old fashion: to go everywhere with the ring in (one's) finger",
          "text": "Vilma savu laulības gredzenu bija atstājusi mājās, jo tā tikai tāda veca mode: staigāt visur ar riņķi pirkstā",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "rings were an everyday ornament of ancient Latvians... they wore them on all fingers of both hands, except for the thumb... often (they) adorned one finger with several rings",
          "text": "ikdienas rota senlatviešiem bija gredzeni... tos nēsāja uz abu roku visiem pirkstiem, izņemot īkšķi... bieži vien vienu pirkstu rotāja pat vairāki gredzeni",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ring (round piece of metal worn around the finger as a jewel or as a symbol)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ring",
          "ring"
        ],
        [
          "round",
          "round#English"
        ],
        [
          "metal",
          "metal#English"
        ],
        [
          "finger",
          "finger#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "piston ring",
          "text": "virzuļa gredzens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to remove the ring from a bird's legs",
          "text": "noņemt putnam no kājas gredzenu",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ring (round piece of metal covering another circular or cylindrical object)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ring",
          "ring"
        ],
        [
          "round",
          "round#English"
        ],
        [
          "metal",
          "metal#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "tree annual rings",
          "text": "koka gadskārtu gredzeni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Saturn's rings",
          "text": "Saturna gredzeni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "nerve ring",
          "text": "nervu gredzens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to blow smoke rings in the air",
          "text": "izpūst gaisā dūmu gredzenus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to cut (something) in a circle (= creating a circular or spiral shape)",
          "text": "(sa)griezt gredzenā",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the snake rolled itself up into a ring",
          "text": "čūska saritinājās gredzenā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ring (something with the form of a ring (1, 2) or spiral)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ring",
          "ring"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form#English"
        ],
        [
          "ring",
          "ring#English"
        ],
        [
          "spiral",
          "spiral#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples",
        "lv:Literature"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a roman written according to the principle of circularity",
          "text": "romāns radīts pēc gredzena principā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "circle, circular (principle for composing works of art so that their end is equal or similar to their beginning)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "literature",
          "literature"
        ],
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ],
        [
          "circular",
          "circular"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literature) circle, circular (principle for composing works of art so that their end is equal or similar to their beginning)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "literature",
        "media",
        "publishing"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɡɾædzæns]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "lv-riga-gredzens.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Lv-riga-gredzens.ogg/Lv-riga-gredzens.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Lv-riga-gredzens.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "riņķis"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "lv:gredzens"
  ],
  "word": "gredzens"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.