See graculus on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "grayu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: grayu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: grayu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gralla",
"3": "grall"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gralla, grall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gralla, grall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grackle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: grackle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: grackle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grolle"
},
"expansion": "French: grolle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: grolle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "gralla"
},
"expansion": "Galician: gralla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: gralla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gracchia",
"3": "gracchio",
"4": "grola",
"5": "gravolo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: gracchia, gracchio, grola, gravolo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "regional"
},
"expansion": "(regional)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Italian: gracchia, gracchio, grola, gravolo (regional)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "gravulu"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: gravulu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Calabrian"
},
"expansion": "(Calabrian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: gravulu (Calabrian)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "gralha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: gralha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: gralha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gralha",
"3": "gralho"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: gralha, gralho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: gralha, gralho"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "gravolo"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: gravolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: gravolo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "graur"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: graur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: graur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "grajo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: grajo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: grajo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-ulus",
"alt1": "*grācō"
},
"expansion": "*grācō + -ulus",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*grakati",
"t": "to croak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *grakati (“to croak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "croak"
},
"expansion": "English croak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "krákr",
"t": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse krákr (“crow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *grācō + -ulus, from a Proto-Indo-European root *grāk-, related to *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”), ultimately likely onomatopoeic.\nCompare Proto-Slavic *grakati (“to croak”) and in the Germanic branch English croak and Old Norse krákr (“crow”), kráka (“raven”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grāculus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grācule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grāculus<2>"
},
"expansion": "grāculus m (genitive grāculī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grāculus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ulus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "la:Birds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grācula"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jackdaw"
],
"id": "en-graculus-la-noun-I8A0NvIW",
"links": [
[
"jackdaw",
"jackdaw"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡraː.ku.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡräːkʊɫ̪ʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡra.ku.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡräːkulus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "graculus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "grācula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "grayu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: grayu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: grayu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gralla",
"3": "grall"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gralla, grall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gralla, grall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grackle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: grackle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: grackle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grolle"
},
"expansion": "French: grolle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: grolle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "gralla"
},
"expansion": "Galician: gralla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: gralla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gracchia",
"3": "gracchio",
"4": "grola",
"5": "gravolo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: gracchia, gracchio, grola, gravolo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "regional"
},
"expansion": "(regional)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Italian: gracchia, gracchio, grola, gravolo (regional)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "gravulu"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: gravulu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Calabrian"
},
"expansion": "(Calabrian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: gravulu (Calabrian)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "gralha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: gralha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: gralha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gralha",
"3": "gralho"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: gralha, gralho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: gralha, gralho"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "gravolo"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: gravolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: gravolo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "graur"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: graur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: graur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "grajo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: grajo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: grajo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-ulus",
"alt1": "*grācō"
},
"expansion": "*grācō + -ulus",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*grakati",
"t": "to croak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *grakati (“to croak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "croak"
},
"expansion": "English croak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "krákr",
"t": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse krákr (“crow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *grācō + -ulus, from a Proto-Indo-European root *grāk-, related to *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”), ultimately likely onomatopoeic.\nCompare Proto-Slavic *grakati (“to croak”) and in the Germanic branch English croak and Old Norse krákr (“crow”), kráka (“raven”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grāculus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grācule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grāculī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grāculus<2>"
},
"expansion": "grāculus m (genitive grāculī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grāculus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin onomatopoeias",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms suffixed with -ulus",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Birds"
],
"glosses": [
"jackdaw"
],
"links": [
[
"jackdaw",
"jackdaw"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡraː.ku.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡräːkʊɫ̪ʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡra.ku.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡräːkulus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "graculus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for graculus meaning in All languages combined (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.