See governess on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "governess-cart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "governess general"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "governesshood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "governessless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "governesslike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "governess-ship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "governessy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lieutenant governess"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "governesse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English governesse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "governeresse",
"4": "",
"5": "female ruler or administrator"
},
"expansion": "Old French governeresse (“female ruler or administrator”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "governor",
"3": "ess",
"alt1": "govern(or)",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "govern(or) + -ess",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English governesse, a contracted form of governeresse, from Old French governeresse (“female ruler or administrator”). In later senses, equivalent to govern(or) + -ess.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "governesses",
"tags": [
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]
}
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1917, Anton Chekhov, translated by Constance Garnett, An Upheaval:",
"text": "[Mashenka Pavletsky] returning from a walk to the house of the Kushkins, with whom she was living as a governess, found the household in a terrible turmoil.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1990 January 12, Bill Watterson, Calvin & Hobbes (comic):",
"text": "Boy, you are a crabby lady! Who are you? Calvin's cruel governess?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "September 8 2022, Stephen Bates, “Queen Elizabeth II obituary”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "it was then still just possible to have a relatively normal life at the family’s 25-bedroom mansion at 145 Piccadilly, from where the baby was taken for a two-hour constitutional in her pram to Hyde Park and back every day by her governess.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman paid to educate children in their own home."
],
"id": "en-governess-en-noun-gdhkJ6iU",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"educate",
"educate"
],
[
"children",
"children"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "governoress"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "guvernantka",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гувернантка"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǔ",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"word": "姥"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"word": "kotiopettajatar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gouvernante"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hauslehrerin"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Erzieherin"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gouvernante"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"word": "nevelőnő"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "governante"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "istitutrice"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "guvernánta",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гуверна́нта"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "guvernante"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "guvernante"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "guwernantka"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "governanta"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "guvernantă"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "guvernántka",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гуверна́нтка"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vospitátelʹnica",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "воспита́тельница"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "institutriz"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"word": "mlezi"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "guvernant"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"word": "gintay"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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{
"_dis": "13 61 14 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
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"Human behaviour",
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{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1927 January 21, “Hints and Dints”, in New Castle News, volume XLVII, number 117, New Castle, Pa., page four, columns 4–5:",
"text": "“The Gates Ajar” seems to be the favorite song and inspiration of Ma Ferguson in her four years as governor. The lady governess pardoned criminals as soon as they were convicted and was so chronic in her actions that the courts had just about refused to function in convicting anyone.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, @tiredofher, CNN, archived from the original on 2023-04-11:",
"text": "I cannot begin to tell you how tired I am of this woman and all she stands for and all those shallow people who think an Alaskan governess has what it takes to be a VP.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A female governor."
],
"id": "en-governess-en-noun-GGd~iV3Y",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"governor",
"governor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A female governor."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "governoress"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "gubernatrix"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 72 25",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "female governor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gouverneuse"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 72 25",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "female governor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "governatriz"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1697, The Ingenious and Diverting Letters of the Lady ⸺ Travels into Spain. […], 4th edition, London: […] Samuel Crouch […], page 22:",
"text": "The Lady Governeſs of the Town drew near to me; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1814, Benjamin Heyne, “Journal of a Tour from Bengalore to Trichinopoly, in 1802”, in Tracts, Historical and Statistical, on India; with Journals of Several Tours through Various Parts of the Peninsula: Also, an Account of Sumatra, in a Series of Letters, London: […] Robert Baldwin, […]; and Black, Parry, and Co. […], page 345:",
"text": "The common wood strawberry, which was introduced by the Right Hon. Lady Powis [Henrietta Clive, Countess of Powis] when Governess at Madras, grows in great luxuriance and of delightful flavour.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1888, Dayaram Gidumal, The Life and Life-work of Behramji M. Malabari […], Bombay: […] [T]he Education Society’s Press, […], page 282:",
"text": "I was pressed to make a halt at Ahmedabad for a few days; then asked to stay for a few hours; finally, for half an hour, to see “the Governor and Governess” of Madras.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The wife of a governor."
],
"id": "en-governess-en-noun-JNp-unqm",
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
],
[
"governor",
"governor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) The wife of a governor."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "governoress"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌvɚnəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌvənəs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
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"3": "governesse"
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{
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"name": "der"
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{
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}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "governesses",
"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "governessed",
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}
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],
"id": "en-governess-en-verb-Ev-uY~6s",
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[
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"Terms with Swahili translations",
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"en:People"
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},
{
"word": "governess general"
},
{
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{
"word": "governessless"
},
{
"word": "governesslike"
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{
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},
{
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},
{
"word": "lieutenant governess"
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{
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"3": "governeresse",
"4": "",
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},
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"name": "der"
},
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"name": "suffix"
}
],
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}
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{
"ref": "1917, Anton Chekhov, translated by Constance Garnett, An Upheaval:",
"text": "[Mashenka Pavletsky] returning from a walk to the house of the Kushkins, with whom she was living as a governess, found the household in a terrible turmoil.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1990 January 12, Bill Watterson, Calvin & Hobbes (comic):",
"text": "Boy, you are a crabby lady! Who are you? Calvin's cruel governess?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "September 8 2022, Stephen Bates, “Queen Elizabeth II obituary”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "it was then still just possible to have a relatively normal life at the family’s 25-bedroom mansion at 145 Piccadilly, from where the baby was taken for a two-hour constitutional in her pram to Hyde Park and back every day by her governess.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"A woman paid to educate children in their own home."
],
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],
[
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"educate"
],
[
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"children"
]
],
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{
"tags": [
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],
"word": "governoress"
}
]
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],
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{
"ref": "1927 January 21, “Hints and Dints”, in New Castle News, volume XLVII, number 117, New Castle, Pa., page four, columns 4–5:",
"text": "“The Gates Ajar” seems to be the favorite song and inspiration of Ma Ferguson in her four years as governor. The lady governess pardoned criminals as soon as they were convicted and was so chronic in her actions that the courts had just about refused to function in convicting anyone.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, @tiredofher, CNN, archived from the original on 2023-04-11:",
"text": "I cannot begin to tell you how tired I am of this woman and all she stands for and all those shallow people who think an Alaskan governess has what it takes to be a VP.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A female governor."
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"governor",
"governor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A female governor."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "governoress"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "gubernatrix"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1697, The Ingenious and Diverting Letters of the Lady ⸺ Travels into Spain. […], 4th edition, London: […] Samuel Crouch […], page 22:",
"text": "The Lady Governeſs of the Town drew near to me; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1814, Benjamin Heyne, “Journal of a Tour from Bengalore to Trichinopoly, in 1802”, in Tracts, Historical and Statistical, on India; with Journals of Several Tours through Various Parts of the Peninsula: Also, an Account of Sumatra, in a Series of Letters, London: […] Robert Baldwin, […]; and Black, Parry, and Co. […], page 345:",
"text": "The common wood strawberry, which was introduced by the Right Hon. Lady Powis [Henrietta Clive, Countess of Powis] when Governess at Madras, grows in great luxuriance and of delightful flavour.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1888, Dayaram Gidumal, The Life and Life-work of Behramji M. Malabari […], Bombay: […] [T]he Education Society’s Press, […], page 282:",
"text": "I was pressed to make a halt at Ahmedabad for a few days; then asked to stay for a few hours; finally, for half an hour, to see “the Governor and Governess” of Madras.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The wife of a governor."
],
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
],
[
"governor",
"governor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) The wife of a governor."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "governoress"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌvɚnəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌvənəs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌvnəs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-governess.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/En-us-governess.ogg/En-us-governess.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/En-us-governess.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "guvernantka",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гувернантка"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǔ",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"word": "姥"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"word": "kotiopettajatar"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gouvernante"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hauslehrerin"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Erzieherin"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gouvernante"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"word": "nevelőnő"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "governante"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "istitutrice"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "guvernánta",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гуверна́нта"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "guvernante"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "guvernante"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "guwernantka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "governanta"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "guvernantă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "guvernántka",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гуверна́нтка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vospitátelʹnica",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "воспита́тельница"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "institutriz"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"word": "mlezi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "guvernant"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "woman paid to educate children in their own home",
"word": "gintay"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "female governor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gouverneuse"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "female governor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "governatriz"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"governess"
],
"word": "governess"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English female equivalent nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ess (female)",
"English terms suffixed with -ess (wife)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"en:Occupations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "governesse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English governesse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "governeresse",
"4": "",
"5": "female ruler or administrator"
},
"expansion": "Old French governeresse (“female ruler or administrator”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "governor",
"3": "ess",
"alt1": "govern(or)",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "govern(or) + -ess",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English governesse, a contracted form of governeresse, from Old French governeresse (“female ruler or administrator”). In later senses, equivalent to govern(or) + -ess.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "governesses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "governessing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "governessed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "governessed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "governess (third-person singular simple present governesses, present participle governessing, simple past and past participle governessed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To work as governess; to educate children in their own home."
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"governess",
"#Noun"
],
[
"educate",
"educate"
],
[
"child",
"child"
],
[
"home",
"home"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌvɚnəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌvənəs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʌvnəs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-governess.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/En-us-governess.ogg/En-us-governess.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/En-us-governess.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"governess"
],
"word": "governess"
}
Download raw JSONL data for governess meaning in All languages combined (12.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.