See ghrelin on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ghrelin meaning in All languages combined (11.3kB)
{
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"4": "to grow"
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"name": "cog"
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],
"etymology_text": "From g(rowth) h(ormone)-rel(easing peptide) + -in (suffix forming names of chemical compounds), influenced by Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”): see the December 1999 quotation.",
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"word": "acylghrelin"
},
{
"word": "desacylghrelin"
},
{
"word": "ghrelinemia"
},
{
"word": "ghrelinergic"
},
{
"word": "hyperghrelinemia"
},
{
"word": "preproghrelin"
},
{
"word": "proghrelin"
},
{
"word": "teaghrelin"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999 December 9, M[asayasu] Kojima et al., “Ghrelin is a Growth-hormone-releasing Acylated Peptide from Stomach”, in Nature, volume 402, number 6762, →DOI, →PMID, abstract, page 656",
"text": "We designate the GH-releasing peptide ‘ghrelin’ (ghre is the Proto-Indo-European root of the word ‘grow’).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Masayasu Kojima, Kenji Kangawa, “Ghrelin, an Endogenous Ligand for the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor”, in Fred Nyberg, editor, The Somatotrophic Axis in Brain Function, Burlington, Mass.: Elsevier Academic Press, section III.A (Purification of Ghrelin), figure 2 caption, page 27, column 1",
"text": "Both human and rat ghrelins are 28 amino acid peptides, in which Ser3 is modified by a fatty acid, primarily n-octanoic acid.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Michael F[redric] Roizen, Mehmet C[engiz] Oz, with Ted Spiker, Lisa Oz, and Craig Wynett, You, on a Diet: The Owner’s Manual for Waist Management, New York, N.Y.: Free Press, page 44",
"text": "[W]hen you increase ghrelin levels, you stimulate that growth hormone to kick in, and growth hormone builds you not only up but out as well. Your stomach secretes ghrelin in pulses every half hour, sending subtle chemical impulses to your brain—almost like subliminal biological messages (carrot cake, carrot cake, carrot cake).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Hélène Volkoff, Saraj Unniappan, Scott P. Kelly, “The Endocrine Regulation of Food Intake”, in Nicholas J. Bernier, Glen Van Der Kraak, Anthony P. Farrell, Colin J. Brauner, editors, Fish Neuroendocrinology (Fish Physiology; 28), London, Amsterdam: Academic Press, section 2 (Endocrine Regulation), page 434",
"text": "Ghrelin is a 28‐amino acid acylated peptide predominantly secreted by the stomach but also by the brain. In mammals, ghrelin stimulates both GH [growth hormone] secretion and appetite, and it is the only GI [gastrointestinal] hormone with confirmed orexigenic properties[…].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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"text": "Currently, ghrelin is considered as a “hunger hormone” that signals the brain the need to initiate food consumption. […] After food ingestion, plasma levels of ghrelin drastically decrease. Some but not all studies provided the evidence that in the cephalic phase of food ingestion the vagal efferent system promotes ghrelin secretion[…].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 February 26, Ruth Alexander, “The surprising links between what you eat and how well you sleep”, in BBC News, BBC, retrieved 2022-02-27",
"text": "That is because sleep affects two appetite-controlling hormones, leptin and ghrelin.",
"type": "quotation"
}
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"A peptide hormone, secreted in the stomach when empty, that increases appetite and secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland."
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],
[
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"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jarilin",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "جريلين"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "grelin",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "գրելին"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghrelina"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "飢餓素"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gei¹ ngo⁶ sou³",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "饥饿素"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "飢餓素"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jī'èsù",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "饥饿素"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ghrelin"
},
{
"code": "dv",
"lang": "Dhivehi",
"roman": "ġrelin̊",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ޣްރެލިން"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghreline"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hongerhormoon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "greliini"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghréline"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghrelina"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ghrelin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkrelíni",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γκρελίνη"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גרלין"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ghrelin"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "éhséghormon"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ghrelin"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grelina"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gurerin",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "グレリン"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geurellin",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "그렐린"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "گرلین"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grelina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghrelina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grelina"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grelină"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grelín",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "грели́н"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "grelin"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "grelin"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghrelina"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ghrelin"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ghrelin"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "grelín",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ґрелі́н"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ghrelin"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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]
}
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"sounds": [
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"tags": [
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{
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"tags": [
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"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"word": "hyperghrelinemia"
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{
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{
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"etymology_text": "From g(rowth) h(ormone)-rel(easing peptide) + -in (suffix forming names of chemical compounds), influenced by Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”): see the December 1999 quotation.",
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"ref": "1999 December 9, M[asayasu] Kojima et al., “Ghrelin is a Growth-hormone-releasing Acylated Peptide from Stomach”, in Nature, volume 402, number 6762, →DOI, →PMID, abstract, page 656",
"text": "We designate the GH-releasing peptide ‘ghrelin’ (ghre is the Proto-Indo-European root of the word ‘grow’).",
"type": "quotation"
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{
"ref": "2006, Masayasu Kojima, Kenji Kangawa, “Ghrelin, an Endogenous Ligand for the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor”, in Fred Nyberg, editor, The Somatotrophic Axis in Brain Function, Burlington, Mass.: Elsevier Academic Press, section III.A (Purification of Ghrelin), figure 2 caption, page 27, column 1",
"text": "Both human and rat ghrelins are 28 amino acid peptides, in which Ser3 is modified by a fatty acid, primarily n-octanoic acid.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Michael F[redric] Roizen, Mehmet C[engiz] Oz, with Ted Spiker, Lisa Oz, and Craig Wynett, You, on a Diet: The Owner’s Manual for Waist Management, New York, N.Y.: Free Press, page 44",
"text": "[W]hen you increase ghrelin levels, you stimulate that growth hormone to kick in, and growth hormone builds you not only up but out as well. Your stomach secretes ghrelin in pulses every half hour, sending subtle chemical impulses to your brain—almost like subliminal biological messages (carrot cake, carrot cake, carrot cake).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Hélène Volkoff, Saraj Unniappan, Scott P. Kelly, “The Endocrine Regulation of Food Intake”, in Nicholas J. Bernier, Glen Van Der Kraak, Anthony P. Farrell, Colin J. Brauner, editors, Fish Neuroendocrinology (Fish Physiology; 28), London, Amsterdam: Academic Press, section 2 (Endocrine Regulation), page 434",
"text": "Ghrelin is a 28‐amino acid acylated peptide predominantly secreted by the stomach but also by the brain. In mammals, ghrelin stimulates both GH [growth hormone] secretion and appetite, and it is the only GI [gastrointestinal] hormone with confirmed orexigenic properties[…].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Palmiero Monteleone, “New Frontiers of Endocrinology in Eating Disorders”, in Roger A. H. Adan, Walter H. Kaye, editors, Behavioral Neurobiology of Eating Disorders (Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences; 6), Heidelberg, Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISSN, part III (Genetics, Gender and Heritability), page 194",
"text": "Currently, ghrelin is considered as a “hunger hormone” that signals the brain the need to initiate food consumption. […] After food ingestion, plasma levels of ghrelin drastically decrease. Some but not all studies provided the evidence that in the cephalic phase of food ingestion the vagal efferent system promotes ghrelin secretion[…].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 February 26, Ruth Alexander, “The surprising links between what you eat and how well you sleep”, in BBC News, BBC, retrieved 2022-02-27",
"text": "That is because sleep affects two appetite-controlling hormones, leptin and ghrelin.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A peptide hormone, secreted in the stomach when empty, that increases appetite and secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland."
],
"links": [
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"(biochemistry) A peptide hormone, secreted in the stomach when empty, that increases appetite and secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland."
],
"tags": [
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"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jarilin",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "جريلين"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "grelin",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "գրելին"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghrelina"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "飢餓素"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gei¹ ngo⁶ sou³",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "饥饿素"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "飢餓素"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jī'èsù",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "饥饿素"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ghrelin"
},
{
"code": "dv",
"lang": "Dhivehi",
"roman": "ġrelin̊",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ޣްރެލިން"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghreline"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hongerhormoon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "greliini"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghréline"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghrelina"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ghrelin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkrelíni",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γκρελίνη"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גרלין"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ghrelin"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "éhséghormon"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ghrelin"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grelina"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gurerin",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "グレリン"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geurellin",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "그렐린"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "گرلین"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grelina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghrelina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grelina"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grelină"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grelín",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "грели́н"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "grelin"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "grelin"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghrelina"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ghrelin"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ghrelin"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "grelín",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ґрелі́н"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "peptide hormone that increases appetite",
"word": "ghrelin"
}
],
"word": "ghrelin"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.