See gaizaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gaiʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaiʀ\nOld English: gār\nMiddle English: gor, gar, gare, gær\n⇒ Middle English: garfysche\nEnglish: garfish\nScots: gairfish\nOld Frisian: *gār, gēr\nSaterland Frisian: Goare\nWest Frisian: gear\nOld Saxon: gēr\nMiddle Low German: gêr\nWestphalian:\nWestmünsterländisch: Geere, Geer\nOld Dutch: *gēr\nMiddle Dutch: gêer\nDutch: geer\nOld High German: gēr, giri\nLombardic: ger\n→⇒ Italian: gherone\nMiddle High German: gēr\nGerman: Ger",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaiʀ\nOld English: gār\nMiddle English: gor, gar, gare, gær\n⇒ Middle English: garfysche\nEnglish: garfish\nScots: gairfish\nOld Frisian: *gār, gēr\nSaterland Frisian: Goare\nWest Frisian: gear\nOld Saxon: gēr\nMiddle Low German: gêr\nWestphalian:\nWestmünsterländisch: Geere, Geer\nOld Dutch: *gēr\nMiddle Dutch: gêer\nDutch: geer\nOld High German: gēr, giri\nLombardic: ger\n→⇒ Italian: gherone\nMiddle High German: gēr\nGerman: Ger"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚷᚨᛁᛉᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚷᚨᛁᛉᚨᛉ (*gaiʀaʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚷᚨᛁᛉᚨᛉ (*gaiʀaʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "geirr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: geirr, ᚴᛅᛁᛦ (kaiʀ) — runic\nIcelandic: geir\nNorwegian Bokmål: geir\nNorwegian Nynorsk: geir\nDanish: ger\nSwedish: gere, gir",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: geirr, ᚴᛅᛁᛦ (kaiʀ) — runic\nIcelandic: geir\nNorwegian Bokmål: geir\nNorwegian Nynorsk: geir\nDanish: ger\nSwedish: gere, gir"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kaira",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: kaira",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: kaira (< Late Proto-Norse *gaiRaR)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃 (*gais)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃 (*gais) (preserved in given names)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvn",
"2": "*gais/*geis"
},
"expansion": "Vandalic: *gais/*geis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vandalic: *gais/*geis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kaihas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kaihas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kaihas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gaisos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Celtic: *gaisos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Celtic: *gaisos (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰoysós",
"4": "",
"5": "throwing spear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to drive, move, fling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हेषस्",
"t": "missile"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हेषस् (heṣas, “missile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀",
"t": "weapon"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (zaēna, “weapon”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χαῖος",
"3": "",
"4": "shepherd's staff"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χαῖος (khaîos, “shepherd's staff”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”). Related to Sanskrit हेषस् (heṣas, “missile”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (zaēna, “weapon”), Ancient Greek χαῖος (khaîos, “shepherd's staff”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaizaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "atgaizaz"
},
{
"word": "nabōgaizaz"
},
{
"word": "Gaizaharduz"
},
{
"word": "Gaizawaldą"
},
{
"word": "Gaizawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Hrōþigaizaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spear, pike, javelin"
],
"id": "en-gaizaz-gem-pro-noun-vzWzPYHj",
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"pike",
"pike"
],
[
"javelin",
"javelin"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "gaisilaz"
},
{
"word": "gaizô"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣɑi̯.zɑz/"
}
],
"word": "gaizaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "atgaizaz"
},
{
"word": "nabōgaizaz"
},
{
"word": "Gaizaharduz"
},
{
"word": "Gaizawaldą"
},
{
"word": "Gaizawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Hrōþigaizaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gaiʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaiʀ\nOld English: gār\nMiddle English: gor, gar, gare, gær\n⇒ Middle English: garfysche\nEnglish: garfish\nScots: gairfish\nOld Frisian: *gār, gēr\nSaterland Frisian: Goare\nWest Frisian: gear\nOld Saxon: gēr\nMiddle Low German: gêr\nWestphalian:\nWestmünsterländisch: Geere, Geer\nOld Dutch: *gēr\nMiddle Dutch: gêer\nDutch: geer\nOld High German: gēr, giri\nLombardic: ger\n→⇒ Italian: gherone\nMiddle High German: gēr\nGerman: Ger",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaiʀ\nOld English: gār\nMiddle English: gor, gar, gare, gær\n⇒ Middle English: garfysche\nEnglish: garfish\nScots: gairfish\nOld Frisian: *gār, gēr\nSaterland Frisian: Goare\nWest Frisian: gear\nOld Saxon: gēr\nMiddle Low German: gêr\nWestphalian:\nWestmünsterländisch: Geere, Geer\nOld Dutch: *gēr\nMiddle Dutch: gêer\nDutch: geer\nOld High German: gēr, giri\nLombardic: ger\n→⇒ Italian: gherone\nMiddle High German: gēr\nGerman: Ger"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚷᚨᛁᛉᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚷᚨᛁᛉᚨᛉ (*gaiʀaʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚷᚨᛁᛉᚨᛉ (*gaiʀaʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "geirr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: geirr, ᚴᛅᛁᛦ (kaiʀ) — runic\nIcelandic: geir\nNorwegian Bokmål: geir\nNorwegian Nynorsk: geir\nDanish: ger\nSwedish: gere, gir",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: geirr, ᚴᛅᛁᛦ (kaiʀ) — runic\nIcelandic: geir\nNorwegian Bokmål: geir\nNorwegian Nynorsk: geir\nDanish: ger\nSwedish: gere, gir"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kaira",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: kaira",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: kaira (< Late Proto-Norse *gaiRaR)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃 (*gais)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃 (*gais) (preserved in given names)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvn",
"2": "*gais/*geis"
},
"expansion": "Vandalic: *gais/*geis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vandalic: *gais/*geis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kaihas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kaihas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kaihas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gaisos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Celtic: *gaisos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Celtic: *gaisos (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰoysós",
"4": "",
"5": "throwing spear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to drive, move, fling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हेषस्",
"t": "missile"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हेषस् (heṣas, “missile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀",
"t": "weapon"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (zaēna, “weapon”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χαῖος",
"3": "",
"4": "shepherd's staff"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χαῖος (khaîos, “shepherd's staff”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”). Related to Sanskrit हेषस् (heṣas, “missile”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (zaēna, “weapon”), Ancient Greek χαῖος (khaîos, “shepherd's staff”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaizamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaizaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "gaisilaz"
},
{
"word": "gaizô"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Weapons"
],
"glosses": [
"spear, pike, javelin"
],
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"pike",
"pike"
],
[
"javelin",
"javelin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣɑi̯.zɑz/"
}
],
"word": "gaizaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gaizaz meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.