See gaistaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gaist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaist\nOld English: gāst, gǣst, gaast\nMiddle English: gost, gast, gaast, goost, goste\nEnglish: ghost\nScots: gaist, gast, ghaist\nYola: gaast\nOld Frisian: gāst, gēst\nSaterland Frisian: Gäist, Jeest\nWest Frisian: geast\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: gast\n→ Old Danish: gast (or from Low German)\nDanish: gast\n→ Old Swedish: gaster\nSwedish: gast\nOld Saxon: gēst, geist\nMiddle Low German: gêst, geist\nLow German: Geist\nGerman Low German: Geest, Geist\nPlautdietsch: Jeist\nOld Dutch: geist, gēst, *gast\nMiddle Dutch: gêest\nDutch: geest\nAfrikaans: gees\nNegerhollands: geest\nOld High German: geist, gheist, keist\nMiddle High German: geist\nGerman: Geist\n→ English: geist\n→ Danish: gejst\n→ Swedish: gejst\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: geist\nHunsrik: Geest, Geist\nLuxembourgish: Geescht\nYiddish: גײַסט (gayst)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaist\nOld English: gāst, gǣst, gaast\nMiddle English: gost, gast, gaast, goost, goste\nEnglish: ghost\nScots: gaist, gast, ghaist\nYola: gaast\nOld Frisian: gāst, gēst\nSaterland Frisian: Gäist, Jeest\nWest Frisian: geast\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: gast\n→ Old Danish: gast (or from Low German)\nDanish: gast\n→ Old Swedish: gaster\nSwedish: gast\nOld Saxon: gēst, geist\nMiddle Low German: gêst, geist\nLow German: Geist\nGerman Low German: Geest, Geist\nPlautdietsch: Jeist\nOld Dutch: geist, gēst, *gast\nMiddle Dutch: gêest\nDutch: geest\nAfrikaans: gees\nNegerhollands: geest\nOld High German: geist, gheist, keist\nMiddle High German: geist\nGerman: Geist\n→ English: geist\n→ Danish: gejst\n→ Swedish: gejst\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: geist\nHunsrik: Geest, Geist\nLuxembourgish: Geescht\nYiddish: גײַסט (gayst)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵʰéysd-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysd-os",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हेड",
"t": "anger",
"tr": "héḍa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हेड (héḍa, “anger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žeĩsti",
"t": "to wound"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žei̇̃sti (“to wound”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysd-os, from *ǵʰeys- (“to be angry, agitated”). Cognate with Sanskrit हेड (héḍa, “anger”), Lithuanian žei̇̃sti (“to wound”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "West Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(West Germanic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaistaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gaisijaną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gīsnaną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gudīgaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 30 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"terror, fear"
],
"id": "en-gaistaz-gem-pro-noun-DGzqbiaH",
"links": [
[
"terror",
"terror"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 30 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spirit, ghost"
],
"id": "en-gaistaz-gem-pro-noun--JIEnECd",
"links": [
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 30 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mind"
],
"id": "en-gaistaz-gem-pro-noun-HEj2MQ8c",
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣɑi̯s.tɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "gaistaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"West Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gaist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaist\nOld English: gāst, gǣst, gaast\nMiddle English: gost, gast, gaast, goost, goste\nEnglish: ghost\nScots: gaist, gast, ghaist\nYola: gaast\nOld Frisian: gāst, gēst\nSaterland Frisian: Gäist, Jeest\nWest Frisian: geast\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: gast\n→ Old Danish: gast (or from Low German)\nDanish: gast\n→ Old Swedish: gaster\nSwedish: gast\nOld Saxon: gēst, geist\nMiddle Low German: gêst, geist\nLow German: Geist\nGerman Low German: Geest, Geist\nPlautdietsch: Jeist\nOld Dutch: geist, gēst, *gast\nMiddle Dutch: gêest\nDutch: geest\nAfrikaans: gees\nNegerhollands: geest\nOld High German: geist, gheist, keist\nMiddle High German: geist\nGerman: Geist\n→ English: geist\n→ Danish: gejst\n→ Swedish: gejst\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: geist\nHunsrik: Geest, Geist\nLuxembourgish: Geescht\nYiddish: גײַסט (gayst)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *gaist\nOld English: gāst, gǣst, gaast\nMiddle English: gost, gast, gaast, goost, goste\nEnglish: ghost\nScots: gaist, gast, ghaist\nYola: gaast\nOld Frisian: gāst, gēst\nSaterland Frisian: Gäist, Jeest\nWest Frisian: geast\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: gast\n→ Old Danish: gast (or from Low German)\nDanish: gast\n→ Old Swedish: gaster\nSwedish: gast\nOld Saxon: gēst, geist\nMiddle Low German: gêst, geist\nLow German: Geist\nGerman Low German: Geest, Geist\nPlautdietsch: Jeist\nOld Dutch: geist, gēst, *gast\nMiddle Dutch: gêest\nDutch: geest\nAfrikaans: gees\nNegerhollands: geest\nOld High German: geist, gheist, keist\nMiddle High German: geist\nGerman: Geist\n→ English: geist\n→ Danish: gejst\n→ Swedish: gejst\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: geist\nHunsrik: Geest, Geist\nLuxembourgish: Geescht\nYiddish: גײַסט (gayst)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵʰéysd-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysd-os",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हेड",
"t": "anger",
"tr": "héḍa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हेड (héḍa, “anger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žeĩsti",
"t": "to wound"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žei̇̃sti (“to wound”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysd-os, from *ǵʰeys- (“to be angry, agitated”). Cognate with Sanskrit हेड (héḍa, “anger”), Lithuanian žei̇̃sti (“to wound”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaistamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "West Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(West Germanic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaistaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "gaisijaną"
},
{
"word": "gīsnaną"
},
{
"word": "gudīgaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"terror, fear"
],
"links": [
[
"terror",
"terror"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spirit, ghost"
],
"links": [
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mind"
],
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣɑi̯s.tɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "gaistaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gaistaz meaning in All languages combined (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (89ebc88 and e74c913). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.