See gʷerH- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gʷerH- meaning in All languages combined (15.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷérH-e-ti",
"pos": "thematic root present"
},
"expansion": "*gʷérH-e-ti (thematic root present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷérH-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ǰáratay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰáratay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰáratay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́áratay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́áratay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́áratay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जरते",
"tr": "járate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जरते (járate)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जरते (járate)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*ǰáratay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *ǰáratay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *ǰáratay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پراچی جر",
"tr": "parâči jar-"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پراچی جر (parâči jar-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پراچی جر (parâči jar-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥-né-H-ti ~ *gʷr̥-n-H-én-ti",
"pos": "nasal-infix present"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥-né-H-ti ~ *gʷr̥-n-H-én-ti (nasal-infix present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥-né-H-ti ~ *gʷr̥-n-H-én-ti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*barnati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *barnati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *barnati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गृणाति",
"tr": "gṛṇā́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गृणाति (gṛṇā́ti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गृणाति (gṛṇā́ti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬈"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬈 (auui gərəṇte)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬈 (auui gərəṇte)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷer-s-"
},
"expansion": "*gʷer-s-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷer-s-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*griś"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *griś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *griś"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grish"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: grish",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: grish"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥H-yé-ti",
"pos": "zero-grade ye-present"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥H-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥H-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*girˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *girˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *girˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dzir̃u"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dzir̃u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dzir̃u"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gìrti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gìrti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gìrti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "girtwei"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: girtwei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: girtwei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьrti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *žьrti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žerti",
"id": "sacrifice"
},
"expansion": "*žerti",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьrtva"
},
"expansion": "*žьrtva",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьrьcь"
},
"expansion": "*žьrьcь",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *žьrti, *žerti; *žьrtva; *žьrьcь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-é-ti"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-é-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-é-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կարդամ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: կարդամ (kardam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: կարդամ (kardam)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-éye-ti"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-éye-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-éye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥HdʰHáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥HdʰHáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥HdʰHáyati"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥HdʰHáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥HdʰHáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥HdʰHáyati"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गूर्धया",
"pos": "2sg.impv.",
"t": "to praise"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गूर्धया (gūrdhayā, “to praise”, 2sg.impv.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गूर्धया (gūrdhayā, “to praise”, 2sg.impv.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥dʰh₁-ó-s"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥dʰh₁-ó-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥dʰh₁-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bardos",
"t": "poet, bard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bardos (“poet, bard”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bardos (“poet, bard”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥H-sḱé-ti",
"pos": "zero-grade sḱe-inchoative"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥H-sḱé-ti (zero-grade sḱe-inchoative)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥H-sḱé-ti (zero-grade sḱe-inchoative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*grah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *grah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *grah"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grah"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: grah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: grah"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷerH-os"
},
"expansion": "*gʷerH-os",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) *gʷerH-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gẽras"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gẽras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gẽras"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷérH-tis ~ *gʷr̥H-téy-"
},
"expansion": "*gʷérH-tis ~ *gʷr̥H-téy-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷérH-tis ~ *gʷr̥H-téy-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Htíš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Htíš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Htíš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Htíṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Htíṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Htíṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गूर्ति",
"tr": "gūrtí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गूर्ति (gūrtí)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गूर्ति (gūrtí)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*grātis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *grātis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *grātis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grātēs"
},
"expansion": "Latin: grātēs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: grātēs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "brateis"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: brateis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌁𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔"
},
"expansion": "𐌁𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔 (brateís)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "βρατηις"
},
"expansion": "βρατηις",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "βραιτηισ",
"3": "βραιτηισ"
},
"expansion": "β[ρα]ιτηισ",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: brateis, 𐌁𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔 (brateís), βρατηις, β[ρα]ιτηισ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pgn",
"2": "brat"
},
"expansion": "Paelignian: brat",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pgn",
"2": "brais"
},
"expansion": "brais",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Paelignian: brat, brais"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvs",
"2": "brat"
},
"expansion": "Vestinian: brat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vestinian: brat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷérH-tus ~ *gʷr̥H-téw-"
},
"expansion": "*gʷérH-tus ~ *gʷr̥H-téw-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷérH-tus ~ *gʷr̥H-téw-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brātus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brātus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brātus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*grātu-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *grātu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *grātu-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grātuītus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: grātuītus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: grātuītus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷorH-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "*gʷorH-eh₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷorH-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*garā́ˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *garā́ˀ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *garā́ˀ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Βορέᾱς",
"t": "north"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: Βορέᾱς (Boréās, “north”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: Βορέᾱς (Boréās, “north”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷorH-no-"
},
"expansion": "*gʷorH-no-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷorH-no-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gornъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gornъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gorno"
},
"expansion": "*gorno",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gornъ, *gorno"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "гранъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: гранъ (granŭ)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "грано"
},
"expansion": "грано (grano)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: гранъ (granŭ), грано (grano)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "hrany"
},
"expansion": "Czech: hrany",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: hrany"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "hrana"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: hrana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: hrana"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "hrono"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: hrono",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: hrono"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "grono"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: grono",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: grono"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥H-tós"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥H-tós",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥H-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Htás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Htás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Htás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Htás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Htás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Htás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गूर्त",
"tr": "gūrtá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गूर्त (gūrtá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गूर्त (gūrtá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gʷrātos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷrātos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gʷrātos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: grātus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grātia"
},
"expansion": "grātia",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grātiīs"
},
"expansion": "grātiīs",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grātīs"
},
"expansion": "grātīs",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: grātus; grātia, grātiīs/grātīs (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "βρατωμ"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: βρατωμ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: βρατωμ (in the neuter)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pgn",
"2": "bratom"
},
"expansion": "Paelignian: bratom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Paelignian: bratom (in the neuter)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to express approval; praise"
],
"id": "en-gʷerH--ine-pro-root-Dh-kMaUo",
"links": [
[
"express",
"express"
],
[
"approval",
"approval"
],
[
"praise",
"praise"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to elevate"
],
"id": "en-gʷerH--ine-pro-root-6GcPtW9S",
"links": [
[
"elevate",
"elevate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen",
"de:Brian D. Joseph"
],
"word": "gʷerH-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷérH-e-ti",
"pos": "thematic root present"
},
"expansion": "*gʷérH-e-ti (thematic root present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷérH-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ǰáratay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰáratay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰáratay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́áratay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́áratay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́áratay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जरते",
"tr": "járate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जरते (járate)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जरते (járate)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*ǰáratay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *ǰáratay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *ǰáratay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پراچی جر",
"tr": "parâči jar-"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پراچی جر (parâči jar-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پراچی جر (parâči jar-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥-né-H-ti ~ *gʷr̥-n-H-én-ti",
"pos": "nasal-infix present"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥-né-H-ti ~ *gʷr̥-n-H-én-ti (nasal-infix present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥-né-H-ti ~ *gʷr̥-n-H-én-ti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*barnati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *barnati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *barnati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गृणाति",
"tr": "gṛṇā́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गृणाति (gṛṇā́ti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गृणाति (gṛṇā́ti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬈"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬈 (auui gərəṇte)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬈 (auui gərəṇte)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷer-s-"
},
"expansion": "*gʷer-s-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷer-s-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*griś"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *griś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *griś"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grish"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: grish",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: grish"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥H-yé-ti",
"pos": "zero-grade ye-present"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥H-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥H-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*girˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *girˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *girˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dzir̃u"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dzir̃u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dzir̃u"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gìrti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gìrti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gìrti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "girtwei"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: girtwei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: girtwei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьrti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *žьrti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žerti",
"id": "sacrifice"
},
"expansion": "*žerti",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьrtva"
},
"expansion": "*žьrtva",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьrьcь"
},
"expansion": "*žьrьcь",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *žьrti, *žerti; *žьrtva; *žьrьcь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-é-ti"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-é-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-é-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կարդամ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: կարդամ (kardam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: կարդամ (kardam)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-éye-ti"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-éye-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-éye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥HdʰHáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥HdʰHáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥HdʰHáyati"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥HdʰHáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥HdʰHáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥HdʰHáyati"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गूर्धया",
"pos": "2sg.impv.",
"t": "to praise"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गूर्धया (gūrdhayā, “to praise”, 2sg.impv.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गूर्धया (gūrdhayā, “to praise”, 2sg.impv.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥dʰh₁-ó-s"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥dʰh₁-ó-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥dʰh₁-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bardos",
"t": "poet, bard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bardos (“poet, bard”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bardos (“poet, bard”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥H-sḱé-ti",
"pos": "zero-grade sḱe-inchoative"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥H-sḱé-ti (zero-grade sḱe-inchoative)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥H-sḱé-ti (zero-grade sḱe-inchoative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*grah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *grah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *grah"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grah"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: grah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: grah"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷerH-os"
},
"expansion": "*gʷerH-os",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) *gʷerH-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gẽras"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gẽras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gẽras"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷérH-tis ~ *gʷr̥H-téy-"
},
"expansion": "*gʷérH-tis ~ *gʷr̥H-téy-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷérH-tis ~ *gʷr̥H-téy-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Htíš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Htíš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Htíš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Htíṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Htíṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Htíṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गूर्ति",
"tr": "gūrtí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गूर्ति (gūrtí)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गूर्ति (gūrtí)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*grātis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *grātis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *grātis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grātēs"
},
"expansion": "Latin: grātēs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: grātēs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "brateis"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: brateis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌁𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔"
},
"expansion": "𐌁𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔 (brateís)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "βρατηις"
},
"expansion": "βρατηις",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "βραιτηισ",
"3": "βραιτηισ"
},
"expansion": "β[ρα]ιτηισ",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: brateis, 𐌁𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔 (brateís), βρατηις, β[ρα]ιτηισ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pgn",
"2": "brat"
},
"expansion": "Paelignian: brat",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pgn",
"2": "brais"
},
"expansion": "brais",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Paelignian: brat, brais"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvs",
"2": "brat"
},
"expansion": "Vestinian: brat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vestinian: brat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷérH-tus ~ *gʷr̥H-téw-"
},
"expansion": "*gʷérH-tus ~ *gʷr̥H-téw-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷérH-tus ~ *gʷr̥H-téw-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brātus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brātus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brātus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*grātu-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *grātu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *grātu-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grātuītus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: grātuītus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: grātuītus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷorH-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "*gʷorH-eh₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷorH-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*garā́ˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *garā́ˀ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *garā́ˀ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Βορέᾱς",
"t": "north"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: Βορέᾱς (Boréās, “north”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: Βορέᾱς (Boréās, “north”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷorH-no-"
},
"expansion": "*gʷorH-no-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷorH-no-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gornъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gornъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gorno"
},
"expansion": "*gorno",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gornъ, *gorno"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "гранъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: гранъ (granŭ)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "грано"
},
"expansion": "грано (grano)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: гранъ (granŭ), грано (grano)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "hrany"
},
"expansion": "Czech: hrany",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: hrany"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "hrana"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: hrana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: hrana"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "hrono"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: hrono",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: hrono"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "grono"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: grono",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: grono"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷr̥H-tós"
},
"expansion": "*gʷr̥H-tós",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*gʷr̥H-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Htás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Htás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Htás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Htás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Htás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Htás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गूर्त",
"tr": "gūrtá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गूर्त (gūrtá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गूर्त (gūrtá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gʷrātos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷrātos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gʷrātos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: grātus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grātia"
},
"expansion": "grātia",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grātiīs"
},
"expansion": "grātiīs",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grātīs"
},
"expansion": "grātīs",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: grātus; grātia, grātiīs/grātīs (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "βρατωμ"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: βρατωμ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: βρατωμ (in the neuter)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pgn",
"2": "bratom"
},
"expansion": "Paelignian: bratom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Paelignian: bratom (in the neuter)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to express approval; praise"
],
"links": [
[
"express",
"express"
],
[
"approval",
"approval"
],
[
"praise",
"praise"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to elevate"
],
"links": [
[
"elevate",
"elevate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen",
"de:Brian D. Joseph"
],
"word": "gʷerH-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.