See gʰóstis on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gʰóstipotis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gastis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gastis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gastis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "gosts"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: gosts",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: gosts"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gostь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gostь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gostь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gostis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gostis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gostis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlp",
"2": "𐌊𐌏𐌑𐌉𐌏",
"3": "𐌖𐌅𐌀𐌌𐌏𐌊𐌏𐌆𐌉𐌔"
},
"expansion": "Lepontic: 𐌊𐌏𐌑𐌉𐌏 (kośio), 𐌖𐌅𐌀𐌌𐌏𐌊𐌏𐌆𐌉𐌔 (uvamokozis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lepontic: 𐌊𐌏𐌑𐌉𐌏 (kośio), 𐌖𐌅𐌀𐌌𐌏𐌊𐌏𐌆𐌉𐌔 (uvamokozis)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gastiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gastiz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gastiz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*hostis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *hostis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *hostis (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʰes-",
"3": "*-tis",
"pos2": "abstract or action suffix",
"t1": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "*gʰes- (“to eat”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "घसति",
"tr": "ghásati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit घसति (ghásati)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬀𐬵",
"t": "to eat, to gorge"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬵 (gah, “to eat, to gorge”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from *gʰes- (“to eat”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix). Compare Sanskrit घसति (ghásati), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬵 (gah, “to eat, to gorge”).\nHeidermanns derives this from *gʰo + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-is.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstih₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰósteyes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰósti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstih₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰósteyes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstih₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstims",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostéys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostéyoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostéys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostímos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostíbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostéyey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostímos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostíbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostéy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostḗy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostísu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostíh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostímis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostíbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰóstis m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʰósti",
"2": "gʰostéy",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰóstis",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stranger, host"
],
"id": "en-gʰóstis-ine-pro-noun-~FicnBtl",
"links": [
[
"stranger",
"stranger"
],
[
"host",
"host"
],
[
"Adams, D. Q.",
"w:Douglas Q. Adams"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 63 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 77 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 81 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 83 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tis",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"guest"
],
"id": "en-gʰóstis-ine-pro-noun-hJg8YPfa",
"links": [
[
"guest",
"guest"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"enemy"
],
"id": "en-gʰóstis-ine-pro-noun-ZhDMVSRp",
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "gʰóstis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic root nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tis"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gʰóstipotis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gastis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gastis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gastis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "gosts"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: gosts",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: gosts"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gostь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gostь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gostь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gostis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gostis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gostis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlp",
"2": "𐌊𐌏𐌑𐌉𐌏",
"3": "𐌖𐌅𐌀𐌌𐌏𐌊𐌏𐌆𐌉𐌔"
},
"expansion": "Lepontic: 𐌊𐌏𐌑𐌉𐌏 (kośio), 𐌖𐌅𐌀𐌌𐌏𐌊𐌏𐌆𐌉𐌔 (uvamokozis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lepontic: 𐌊𐌏𐌑𐌉𐌏 (kośio), 𐌖𐌅𐌀𐌌𐌏𐌊𐌏𐌆𐌉𐌔 (uvamokozis)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gastiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gastiz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gastiz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*hostis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *hostis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *hostis (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʰes-",
"3": "*-tis",
"pos2": "abstract or action suffix",
"t1": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "*gʰes- (“to eat”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "घसति",
"tr": "ghásati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit घसति (ghásati)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬀𐬵",
"t": "to eat, to gorge"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬵 (gah, “to eat, to gorge”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from *gʰes- (“to eat”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix). Compare Sanskrit घसति (ghásati), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬵 (gah, “to eat, to gorge”).\nHeidermanns derives this from *gʰo + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-is.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstih₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰósteyes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰósti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstih₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰósteyes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstih₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰóstims",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostéys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostéyoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostéys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostímos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostíbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostéyey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostímos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostíbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostéy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostḗy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostísu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostíh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostímis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰostíbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰóstis m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʰósti",
"2": "gʰostéy",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰóstis",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stranger, host"
],
"links": [
[
"stranger",
"stranger"
],
[
"host",
"host"
],
[
"Adams, D. Q.",
"w:Douglas Q. Adams"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:People"
],
"glosses": [
"guest"
],
"links": [
[
"guest",
"guest"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"enemy"
],
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "gʰóstis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʰóstis meaning in All languages combined (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.