See fulką on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fulką meaning in All languages combined (8.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fulkiją"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fulkijaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fulkijaną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fulkawīgą"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "harjafulką"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*folk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *folk\nOld English: folc\nMiddle English: folk, folke, foolk, fok, folck, folc, follc, volk\nEnglish: folk\nScots: fowk\nOld Frisian: folk\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: folk\nSaterland Frisian: Foulk\nWest Frisian: folk\nOld Saxon: folk, folc\nMiddle Low German: volk\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Volk\nWestphalian:\nLippisch: Volk\nRavensbergisch: Folk\nSauerländisch: Volk\nWestmünsterländisch: Volk\nPlautdietsch: Volkj\nOld Dutch: folc\nMiddle Dutch: volc\nDutch: volk\nAfrikaans: volk\nNegerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk\n→ Sranan Tongo: folku\nLimburgish: vouk\nOld High German: folk, folc\nMiddle High German: volk\nCimbrian: vòlk, bòlk\nGerman: Volk\nHunsrik: Follek\nLuxembourgish: Vollek\nVilamovian: fulk\nYiddish: פֿאָלק (folk)\n→ Early Medieval Latin: fulcus\nCatalan: folc\nItalian: folla\nOld French: foulc (see there for further descendants)\nGalician: foula",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *folk\nOld English: folc\nMiddle English: folk, folke, foolk, fok, folck, folc, follc, volk\nEnglish: folk\nScots: fowk\nOld Frisian: folk\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: folk\nSaterland Frisian: Foulk\nWest Frisian: folk\nOld Saxon: folk, folc\nMiddle Low German: volk\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Volk\nWestphalian:\nLippisch: Volk\nRavensbergisch: Folk\nSauerländisch: Volk\nWestmünsterländisch: Volk\nPlautdietsch: Volkj\nOld Dutch: folc\nMiddle Dutch: volc\nDutch: volk\nAfrikaans: volk\nNegerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk\n→ Sranan Tongo: folku\nLimburgish: vouk\nOld High German: folk, folc\nMiddle High German: volk\nCimbrian: vòlk, bòlk\nGerman: Volk\nHunsrik: Follek\nLuxembourgish: Vollek\nVilamovian: fulk\nYiddish: פֿאָלק (folk)\n→ Early Medieval Latin: fulcus\nCatalan: folc\nItalian: folla\nOld French: foulc (see there for further descendants)\nGalician: foula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ (*folka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ (*folka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "folk"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: folk, fólk\nIcelandic: fólk\nFaroese: fólk\nNorn: folekar\nNorwegian Nynorsk: folk; (dialectal) fólk, fókk, følk, fælk\nJamtish: fołk\nElfdalian: fuok\nOld Swedish: folk, fulk\nSwedish: folk\nOld Danish: folk\nDanish: folk\nNorwegian Bokmål: folk\nScanian: fólk\nOld Gutnish: fulk\nGutnish: fålk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: folk, fólk\nIcelandic: fólk\nFaroese: fólk\nNorn: folekar\nNorwegian Nynorsk: folk; (dialectal) fólk, fókk, følk, fælk\nJamtish: fołk\nElfdalian: fuok\nOld Swedish: folk, fulk\nSwedish: folk\nOld Danish: folk\nDanish: folk\nNorwegian Bokmål: folk\nScanian: fólk\nOld Gutnish: fulk\nGutnish: fålk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "likely"
},
"expansion": "(likely)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk) (likely)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pъlkъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *pъlkъ\nEast Slavic:\nOld East Slavic: пълкъ (pŭlkŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: полкъ (polk) (< influence of the Middle Russian полкъ (polk))\nBelarusian: полк (polk)\nUkrainian: полк (polk), повк (povk), півк (pivk)\n→ Polish: połk, półk, pułk\n→ German: Pulk\n→ Latvian: pulks\nMiddle Russian: полкъ (polk)\nRussian: полк (polk)\nSouth Slavic:\nOld Church Slavonic:\nOld Cyrillic script: плъкъ (plŭkŭ)\nGlagolitic script: ⱂⰾⱏⰽⱏ (plŭkŭ)\nBulgarian: пълк (pǎlk)\nMacedonian: полк (polk)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: пу̑к\nLatin script: pȗk\nSlovene: połk\nWest Slavic:\nCzech: pluk\nOld Polish: *pełk\nSlovak: pluk\nSorbian:\nUpper Sorbian: połk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *pъlkъ\nEast Slavic:\nOld East Slavic: пълкъ (pŭlkŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: полкъ (polk) (< influence of the Middle Russian полкъ (polk))\nBelarusian: полк (polk)\nUkrainian: полк (polk), повк (povk), півк (pivk)\n→ Polish: połk, półk, pułk\n→ German: Pulk\n→ Latvian: pulks\nMiddle Russian: полкъ (polk)\nRussian: полк (polk)\nSouth Slavic:\nOld Church Slavonic:\nOld Cyrillic script: плъкъ (plŭkŭ)\nGlagolitic script: ⱂⰾⱏⰽⱏ (plŭkŭ)\nBulgarian: пълк (pǎlk)\nMacedonian: полк (polk)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: пу̑к\nLatin script: pȗk\nSlovene: połk\nWest Slavic:\nCzech: pluk\nOld Polish: *pełk\nSlovak: pluk\nSorbian:\nUpper Sorbian: połk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*hulkka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hulkka",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hulkka (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fulkaz",
"3": "",
"4": "crowd, army"
},
"expansion": "*fulkaz (“crowd, army”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pl̥h₁-gós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pleh₁-",
"3": "",
"4": "to fill"
},
"expansion": "*pleh₁- (“to fill”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plebs",
"3": "",
"4": "common people"
},
"expansion": "Latin plebs (“common people”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "плъкъ",
"3": "",
"4": "army division"
},
"expansion": "плъкъ (plŭkŭ, “army division”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pulkas",
"3": "",
"4": "crowd"
},
"expansion": "pulkas (“crowd”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *fulkaz (“crowd, army”). May ultimately be from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Compare Latin plebs (“common people”). Old Church Slavonic плъкъ (plŭkŭ, “army division”), Lithuanian pulkas (“crowd”) are both believed to be early borrowings from the Proto-Germanic word before Grimm's Law occurred.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fulką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fulką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fulką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fulką",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"people"
],
"id": "en-fulką-gem-pro-noun-yQImgPiI",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tribe"
],
"id": "en-fulką-gem-pro-noun-0i9ODyd5",
"links": [
[
"tribe",
"tribe"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸul.kɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "fulką"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"gem-pro:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fulkiją"
},
{
"word": "fulkijaz"
},
{
"word": "fulkijaną"
},
{
"word": "fulkawīgą"
},
{
"word": "harjafulką"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*folk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *folk\nOld English: folc\nMiddle English: folk, folke, foolk, fok, folck, folc, follc, volk\nEnglish: folk\nScots: fowk\nOld Frisian: folk\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: folk\nSaterland Frisian: Foulk\nWest Frisian: folk\nOld Saxon: folk, folc\nMiddle Low German: volk\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Volk\nWestphalian:\nLippisch: Volk\nRavensbergisch: Folk\nSauerländisch: Volk\nWestmünsterländisch: Volk\nPlautdietsch: Volkj\nOld Dutch: folc\nMiddle Dutch: volc\nDutch: volk\nAfrikaans: volk\nNegerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk\n→ Sranan Tongo: folku\nLimburgish: vouk\nOld High German: folk, folc\nMiddle High German: volk\nCimbrian: vòlk, bòlk\nGerman: Volk\nHunsrik: Follek\nLuxembourgish: Vollek\nVilamovian: fulk\nYiddish: פֿאָלק (folk)\n→ Early Medieval Latin: fulcus\nCatalan: folc\nItalian: folla\nOld French: foulc (see there for further descendants)\nGalician: foula",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *folk\nOld English: folc\nMiddle English: folk, folke, foolk, fok, folck, folc, follc, volk\nEnglish: folk\nScots: fowk\nOld Frisian: folk\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: folk\nSaterland Frisian: Foulk\nWest Frisian: folk\nOld Saxon: folk, folc\nMiddle Low German: volk\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Volk\nWestphalian:\nLippisch: Volk\nRavensbergisch: Folk\nSauerländisch: Volk\nWestmünsterländisch: Volk\nPlautdietsch: Volkj\nOld Dutch: folc\nMiddle Dutch: volc\nDutch: volk\nAfrikaans: volk\nNegerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk\n→ Sranan Tongo: folku\nLimburgish: vouk\nOld High German: folk, folc\nMiddle High German: volk\nCimbrian: vòlk, bòlk\nGerman: Volk\nHunsrik: Follek\nLuxembourgish: Vollek\nVilamovian: fulk\nYiddish: פֿאָלק (folk)\n→ Early Medieval Latin: fulcus\nCatalan: folc\nItalian: folla\nOld French: foulc (see there for further descendants)\nGalician: foula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ (*folka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ (*folka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "folk"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: folk, fólk\nIcelandic: fólk\nFaroese: fólk\nNorn: folekar\nNorwegian Nynorsk: folk; (dialectal) fólk, fókk, følk, fælk\nJamtish: fołk\nElfdalian: fuok\nOld Swedish: folk, fulk\nSwedish: folk\nOld Danish: folk\nDanish: folk\nNorwegian Bokmål: folk\nScanian: fólk\nOld Gutnish: fulk\nGutnish: fålk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: folk, fólk\nIcelandic: fólk\nFaroese: fólk\nNorn: folekar\nNorwegian Nynorsk: folk; (dialectal) fólk, fókk, følk, fælk\nJamtish: fołk\nElfdalian: fuok\nOld Swedish: folk, fulk\nSwedish: folk\nOld Danish: folk\nDanish: folk\nNorwegian Bokmål: folk\nScanian: fólk\nOld Gutnish: fulk\nGutnish: fålk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "likely"
},
"expansion": "(likely)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk) (likely)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pъlkъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *pъlkъ\nEast Slavic:\nOld East Slavic: пълкъ (pŭlkŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: полкъ (polk) (< influence of the Middle Russian полкъ (polk))\nBelarusian: полк (polk)\nUkrainian: полк (polk), повк (povk), півк (pivk)\n→ Polish: połk, półk, pułk\n→ German: Pulk\n→ Latvian: pulks\nMiddle Russian: полкъ (polk)\nRussian: полк (polk)\nSouth Slavic:\nOld Church Slavonic:\nOld Cyrillic script: плъкъ (plŭkŭ)\nGlagolitic script: ⱂⰾⱏⰽⱏ (plŭkŭ)\nBulgarian: пълк (pǎlk)\nMacedonian: полк (polk)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: пу̑к\nLatin script: pȗk\nSlovene: połk\nWest Slavic:\nCzech: pluk\nOld Polish: *pełk\nSlovak: pluk\nSorbian:\nUpper Sorbian: połk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *pъlkъ\nEast Slavic:\nOld East Slavic: пълкъ (pŭlkŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: полкъ (polk) (< influence of the Middle Russian полкъ (polk))\nBelarusian: полк (polk)\nUkrainian: полк (polk), повк (povk), півк (pivk)\n→ Polish: połk, półk, pułk\n→ German: Pulk\n→ Latvian: pulks\nMiddle Russian: полкъ (polk)\nRussian: полк (polk)\nSouth Slavic:\nOld Church Slavonic:\nOld Cyrillic script: плъкъ (plŭkŭ)\nGlagolitic script: ⱂⰾⱏⰽⱏ (plŭkŭ)\nBulgarian: пълк (pǎlk)\nMacedonian: полк (polk)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: пу̑к\nLatin script: pȗk\nSlovene: połk\nWest Slavic:\nCzech: pluk\nOld Polish: *pełk\nSlovak: pluk\nSorbian:\nUpper Sorbian: połk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*hulkka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hulkka",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hulkka (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fulkaz",
"3": "",
"4": "crowd, army"
},
"expansion": "*fulkaz (“crowd, army”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pl̥h₁-gós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pleh₁-",
"3": "",
"4": "to fill"
},
"expansion": "*pleh₁- (“to fill”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plebs",
"3": "",
"4": "common people"
},
"expansion": "Latin plebs (“common people”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "плъкъ",
"3": "",
"4": "army division"
},
"expansion": "плъкъ (plŭkŭ, “army division”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pulkas",
"3": "",
"4": "crowd"
},
"expansion": "pulkas (“crowd”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *fulkaz (“crowd, army”). May ultimately be from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Compare Latin plebs (“common people”). Old Church Slavonic плъкъ (plŭkŭ, “army division”), Lithuanian pulkas (“crowd”) are both believed to be early borrowings from the Proto-Germanic word before Grimm's Law occurred.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fulką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fulką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fulką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fulkamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fulką",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"people"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tribe"
],
"links": [
[
"tribe",
"tribe"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸul.kɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "fulką"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.