See fringilla on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "canary",
"word": "fringilla Canāria"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Fringilla"
},
"expansion": "Translingual: Fringilla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Translingual: Fringilla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fringuello"
},
"expansion": "Italian: fringuello",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: fringuello"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰereg-",
"t": "to make a noise, growl, bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰereg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bark"
},
"expansion": "English bark",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frigūtiō",
"t": "I chirp"
},
"expansion": "Latin frigūtiō (“I chirp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "burgeti",
"3": "burgė́ti",
"t": "to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brgljati",
"t": "to murmur"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian brgljati (“to murmur”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰereg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”) (with the diminutive suffix -illa), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”). Cognate with English bark, Latin frigūtiō (“I chirp”), Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”) and Serbo-Croatian brgljati (“to murmur”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fringillae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fringilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fringilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fringilla<1>"
},
"expansion": "fringilla f (genitive fringillae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fringilla<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "frigūtiō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -illus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "la:Birds",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Perching birds",
"orig": "la:Perching birds",
"parents": [
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a small bird, possibly the robin or the chaffinch"
],
"id": "en-fringilla-la-noun-eJxRpNut",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"robin",
"robin"
],
[
"chaffinch",
"chaffinch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Latin) a small bird, possibly the robin or the chaffinch"
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"finch"
],
"id": "en-fringilla-la-noun-shGauPHj",
"links": [
[
"finch",
"finch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) finch"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/frinˈɡil.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[frɪŋˈɡɪlːʲä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/frinˈd͡ʒil.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[frin̠ʲˈd͡ʒilːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "fringilla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms suffixed with -illus",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Birds",
"la:Perching birds"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "canary",
"word": "fringilla Canāria"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Fringilla"
},
"expansion": "Translingual: Fringilla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Translingual: Fringilla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fringuello"
},
"expansion": "Italian: fringuello",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: fringuello"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰereg-",
"t": "to make a noise, growl, bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰereg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bark"
},
"expansion": "English bark",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frigūtiō",
"t": "I chirp"
},
"expansion": "Latin frigūtiō (“I chirp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "burgeti",
"3": "burgė́ti",
"t": "to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brgljati",
"t": "to murmur"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian brgljati (“to murmur”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰereg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”) (with the diminutive suffix -illa), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”). Cognate with English bark, Latin frigūtiō (“I chirp”), Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”) and Serbo-Croatian brgljati (“to murmur”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fringillae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fringilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fringilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fringillae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fringilla<1>"
},
"expansion": "fringilla f (genitive fringillae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fringilla<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "frigūtiō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Classical Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"a small bird, possibly the robin or the chaffinch"
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"robin",
"robin"
],
[
"chaffinch",
"chaffinch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Latin) a small bird, possibly the robin or the chaffinch"
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"New Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"finch"
],
"links": [
[
"finch",
"finch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) finch"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/frinˈɡil.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[frɪŋˈɡɪlːʲä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/frinˈd͡ʒil.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[frin̠ʲˈd͡ʒilːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "fringilla"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fringilla meaning in All languages combined (4.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.