See exonym on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "exo",
"3": "onym",
"gloss1": "outside",
"gloss2": "name"
},
"expansion": "exo- (“outside”) + -onym (“name”)",
"name": "confix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From exo- (“outside”) + -onym (“name”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "exonyms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "exonym (plural exonyms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "endonym"
},
{
"word": "autonym"
},
{
"word": "selfname"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with exo-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -nym",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -onym",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Onomastics",
"orig": "en:Onomastics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Names",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "exonymous"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 January 4, Sarah Zhang, “Why Mandarin Doesn’t Come From Chinese”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "“Mandarin” is what linguists call an exonym, an external name for a place, people, or language. And exonyms often tell of a history of how cultures met, fought, and interacted.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An external name for a place, people or a language used by outgroup members (such as foreigners) instead of ingroup members (such as native-language speakers)."
],
"id": "en-exonym-en-noun-A7Q2GhCq",
"links": [
[
"external",
"external"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"outgroup",
"outgroup"
],
[
"foreigner",
"foreigner"
],
[
"ingroup",
"ingroup"
],
[
"native-language",
"native language"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "category:en:Exonyms for a list"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "xenonym"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ēkzonim",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "էկզոնիմ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exònim"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "外來地名"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wàilái dìmíng",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "外来地名"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "exonymum"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "exoniem"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "eksonimo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "eksonüüm"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "eksonyymi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "sovinnaisnimi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exonyme"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exónimo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "Fremdbezeichnung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "specialist also",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "Exonym"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Exonymon"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "exónymo",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "εξώνυμο"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "exonima"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esonimo"
},
{
"alt": "がいめい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gaimei",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "外名"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ekusonimu",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "エクソニム"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eksonīms"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "egzoním",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "егзони́м"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "borun-nâm",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "بروننام"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "egzonim"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "exônimo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "exónimo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "exonim"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ekzónim",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "экзо́ним"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "inonazvánije",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "иноназва́ние"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "exonymum"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exónimo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "exonym"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛksənɪm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛɡzənɪm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-exonym.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-exonym.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-exonym.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "exonym"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "exonymous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "exo",
"3": "onym",
"gloss1": "outside",
"gloss2": "name"
},
"expansion": "exo- (“outside”) + -onym (“name”)",
"name": "confix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From exo- (“outside”) + -onym (“name”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "exonyms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "exonym (plural exonyms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "category:en:Exonyms for a list"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "endonym"
},
{
"word": "autonym"
},
{
"word": "selfname"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms prefixed with exo-",
"English terms suffixed with -nym",
"English terms suffixed with -onym",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Onomastics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 January 4, Sarah Zhang, “Why Mandarin Doesn’t Come From Chinese”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "“Mandarin” is what linguists call an exonym, an external name for a place, people, or language. And exonyms often tell of a history of how cultures met, fought, and interacted.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An external name for a place, people or a language used by outgroup members (such as foreigners) instead of ingroup members (such as native-language speakers)."
],
"links": [
[
"external",
"external"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"outgroup",
"outgroup"
],
[
"foreigner",
"foreigner"
],
[
"ingroup",
"ingroup"
],
[
"native-language",
"native language"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "xenonym"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛksənɪm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛɡzənɪm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-exonym.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-exonym.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-exonym.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-exonym.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-exonym.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ēkzonim",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "էկզոնիմ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exònim"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "外來地名"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wàilái dìmíng",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "外来地名"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "exonymum"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "exoniem"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "eksonimo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "eksonüüm"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "eksonyymi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "sovinnaisnimi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exonyme"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exónimo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "Fremdbezeichnung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "specialist also",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "Exonym"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Exonymon"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "exónymo",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "εξώνυμο"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "exonima"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esonimo"
},
{
"alt": "がいめい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gaimei",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "外名"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ekusonimu",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "エクソニム"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eksonīms"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "egzoním",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "егзони́м"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "borun-nâm",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"word": "بروننام"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "egzonim"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "exônimo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "exónimo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "exonim"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ekzónim",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "экзо́ним"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "inonazvánije",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "иноназва́ние"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "exonymum"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "exónimo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "name used by foreigners",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "exonym"
}
],
"word": "exonym"
}
Download raw JSONL data for exonym meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.