See earfoþe on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "earfoþþrāg"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*arbaiþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *arbaiþi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*arbaidiz",
"4": "",
"5": "hardship"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“hardship”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ierfa"
},
"expansion": "Old English ierfa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃órbʰos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀρφανός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "orbus"
},
"expansion": "Latin orbus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "рабъ",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic рабъ (rabŭ, “slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "arbēd"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian arbēd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "arƀed"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon arƀed",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "arbeit"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch arbeit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "arbeid"
},
"expansion": "Dutch arbeid",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "arbeit"
},
"expansion": "Old High German arbeit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Arbeit",
"3": "",
"4": "work, labour"
},
"expansion": "German Arbeit (“work, labour”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "erfiði"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse erfiði",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "arvode",
"3": "",
"4": "salary"
},
"expansion": "Swedish arvode (“salary”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *arbaiþi, from Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“hardship”), from a verb *arbijaną, *arbāną (“be orphaned”).\nCompare Old English ierfa. See also Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos, whence Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós), Latin orbus, Old Church Slavonic рабъ (rabŭ, “slave”). Cognate with Old Frisian arbēd, Old Saxon arƀed, arvēd, Old Dutch arbeit (Dutch arbeid), Old High German arbeit (German Arbeit (“work, labour”)), Old Norse erfiði (Swedish arvode (“salary”)), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "earfoþu",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-ja-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "earfoþu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "earfoþe n (nominative plural earfoþu)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "earfoþu"
},
"expansion": "earfoþe n (nominative plural earfoþu)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "earfoþ"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-ja-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "earfoþe",
"2": "earfoþu",
"3": "earfoþe",
"4": "earfoþu",
"5": "earfoþes",
"6": "earfoþa",
"7": "earfoþe",
"8": "earfoþum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ja-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"work; labour"
],
"id": "en-earfoþe-ang-noun-KHT~j33i",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 27 33 25 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 38 22 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 58 14 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "So said an earth-stepper, mindful of hardships,\nof wrathful slaughters, of kinsmen fall:",
"ref": "10th century, The Wanderer:",
"text": "Swā cwæð eardstapa, · earfeþa ġemyndiġ,\nwrāþra wælsleahta, · winemǣga hryre:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffering; hardship"
],
"id": "en-earfoþe-ang-noun-tiSHg0Ix",
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"labour; pains; trouble; childbirth"
],
"id": "en-earfoþe-ang-noun-LydZ2bI9",
"links": [
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"pains",
"pains"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"childbirth",
"childbirth"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"disease"
],
"id": "en-earfoþe-ang-noun-uOjDE7Zx",
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæ͜ɑr.fo.θe/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈæ͜ɑrˠ.vo.θe]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "earfeþe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "earfod"
}
],
"word": "earfoþe"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "īeþe"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "arveð"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: arveð",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: arveð"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*arbaiþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *arbaiþi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*arbaidiz",
"4": "",
"5": "hardship"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“hardship”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ierfa"
},
"expansion": "Old English ierfa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃órbʰos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀρφανός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "orbus"
},
"expansion": "Latin orbus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "рабъ",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic рабъ (rabŭ, “slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "arbēd"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian arbēd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "arƀed"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon arƀed",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "arbeit"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch arbeit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "arbeid"
},
"expansion": "Dutch arbeid",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "arbeit"
},
"expansion": "Old High German arbeit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Arbeit",
"3": "",
"4": "work, labour"
},
"expansion": "German Arbeit (“work, labour”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "erfiði"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse erfiði",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "arvode",
"3": "",
"4": "salary"
},
"expansion": "Swedish arvode (“salary”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *arbaiþi, from Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“hardship”), from a verb *arbijaną, *arbāną (“be orphaned”).\nCompare Old English ierfa. See also Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos, whence Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós), Latin orbus, Old Church Slavonic рабъ (rabŭ, “slave”). Cognate with Old Frisian arbēd, Old Saxon arƀed, arvēd, Old Dutch arbeit (Dutch arbeid), Old High German arbeit (German Arbeit (“work, labour”)), Old Norse erfiði (Swedish arvode (“salary”)), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþost",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"comp": "earfoþra",
"sup1": "earfoþost",
"sup2": "earfoþest"
},
"expansion": "earfoþe (comparative earfoþra, superlative earfoþost or earfoþest)",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "earfoþe"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "earfoþnes"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "John then gathered the fragments of the jewels, and looked to heaven, thus saying, \"Lord Jesus, to thee nothing is difficult; thou didst restore this crushed world for thy faithful, through sign of the holy rood; restore now these precious gems, by thy angels' hands, that these ignorant men may acknowledge thy powers, and in thee believe.\"",
"text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"The Assumption of St. John the Apostle\"\nIohannes þa gegaderode ðæra gymstana bricas, and beseah to heofonum, þus cweðende, \"Drihten Hælend, nis ðe nan ðing earfoðe; þu ge-edstaðelodest ðisne tobrocenan middangeard on þinum geleaffullum, þurh tácen þære halgan rode; ge-edstaðela nu þas deorwurðan gymstanas, ðurh ðinra engla handa, þæt ðas nytenan menn þine mihta oncnāwon, and on þe gelyfon.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, difficult"
],
"id": "en-earfoþe-ang-adj-tGyzzOgt",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæ͜ɑr.fo.θe/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈæ͜ɑrˠ.vo.θe]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "earfeþe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "earfod"
}
],
"word": "earfoþe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English neuter a-stem nouns",
"Old English neuter nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "earfoþþrāg"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*arbaiþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *arbaiþi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*arbaidiz",
"4": "",
"5": "hardship"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“hardship”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ierfa"
},
"expansion": "Old English ierfa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃órbʰos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀρφανός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "orbus"
},
"expansion": "Latin orbus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "рабъ",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic рабъ (rabŭ, “slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "arbēd"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian arbēd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "arƀed"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon arƀed",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "arbeit"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch arbeit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "arbeid"
},
"expansion": "Dutch arbeid",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "arbeit"
},
"expansion": "Old High German arbeit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Arbeit",
"3": "",
"4": "work, labour"
},
"expansion": "German Arbeit (“work, labour”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "erfiði"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse erfiði",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "arvode",
"3": "",
"4": "salary"
},
"expansion": "Swedish arvode (“salary”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *arbaiþi, from Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“hardship”), from a verb *arbijaną, *arbāną (“be orphaned”).\nCompare Old English ierfa. See also Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos, whence Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós), Latin orbus, Old Church Slavonic рабъ (rabŭ, “slave”). Cognate with Old Frisian arbēd, Old Saxon arƀed, arvēd, Old Dutch arbeit (Dutch arbeid), Old High German arbeit (German Arbeit (“work, labour”)), Old Norse erfiði (Swedish arvode (“salary”)), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "earfoþu",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-ja-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "earfoþu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "earfoþe n (nominative plural earfoþu)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "earfoþu"
},
"expansion": "earfoþe n (nominative plural earfoþu)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "earfoþ"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-ja-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "earfoþe",
"2": "earfoþu",
"3": "earfoþe",
"4": "earfoþu",
"5": "earfoþes",
"6": "earfoþa",
"7": "earfoþe",
"8": "earfoþum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ja-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"work; labour"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "So said an earth-stepper, mindful of hardships,\nof wrathful slaughters, of kinsmen fall:",
"ref": "10th century, The Wanderer:",
"text": "Swā cwæð eardstapa, · earfeþa ġemyndiġ,\nwrāþra wælsleahta, · winemǣga hryre:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffering; hardship"
],
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"labour; pains; trouble; childbirth"
],
"links": [
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"pains",
"pains"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"childbirth",
"childbirth"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"disease"
],
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæ͜ɑr.fo.θe/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈæ͜ɑrˠ.vo.θe]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "earfeþe"
},
{
"word": "earfod"
}
],
"word": "earfoþe"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "īeþe"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English neuter a-stem nouns",
"Old English neuter nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "earfoþnes"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "arveð"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: arveð",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: arveð"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*arbaiþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *arbaiþi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*arbaidiz",
"4": "",
"5": "hardship"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“hardship”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ierfa"
},
"expansion": "Old English ierfa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃órbʰos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀρφανός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "orbus"
},
"expansion": "Latin orbus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "рабъ",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic рабъ (rabŭ, “slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "arbēd"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian arbēd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "arƀed"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon arƀed",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "arbeit"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch arbeit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "arbeid"
},
"expansion": "Dutch arbeid",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "arbeit"
},
"expansion": "Old High German arbeit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Arbeit",
"3": "",
"4": "work, labour"
},
"expansion": "German Arbeit (“work, labour”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "erfiði"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse erfiði",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "arvode",
"3": "",
"4": "salary"
},
"expansion": "Swedish arvode (“salary”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *arbaiþi, from Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“hardship”), from a verb *arbijaną, *arbāną (“be orphaned”).\nCompare Old English ierfa. See also Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos, whence Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós), Latin orbus, Old Church Slavonic рабъ (rabŭ, “slave”). Cognate with Old Frisian arbēd, Old Saxon arƀed, arvēd, Old Dutch arbeit (Dutch arbeid), Old High German arbeit (German Arbeit (“work, labour”)), Old Norse erfiði (Swedish arvode (“salary”)), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþost",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "earfoþum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"comp": "earfoþra",
"sup1": "earfoþost",
"sup2": "earfoþest"
},
"expansion": "earfoþe (comparative earfoþra, superlative earfoþost or earfoþest)",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "earfoþe"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "John then gathered the fragments of the jewels, and looked to heaven, thus saying, \"Lord Jesus, to thee nothing is difficult; thou didst restore this crushed world for thy faithful, through sign of the holy rood; restore now these precious gems, by thy angels' hands, that these ignorant men may acknowledge thy powers, and in thee believe.\"",
"text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"The Assumption of St. John the Apostle\"\nIohannes þa gegaderode ðæra gymstana bricas, and beseah to heofonum, þus cweðende, \"Drihten Hælend, nis ðe nan ðing earfoðe; þu ge-edstaðelodest ðisne tobrocenan middangeard on þinum geleaffullum, þurh tácen þære halgan rode; ge-edstaðela nu þas deorwurðan gymstanas, ðurh ðinra engla handa, þæt ðas nytenan menn þine mihta oncnāwon, and on þe gelyfon.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, difficult"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæ͜ɑr.fo.θe/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈæ͜ɑrˠ.vo.θe]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "earfeþe"
},
{
"word": "earfod"
}
],
"word": "earfoþe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for earfoþe meaning in All languages combined (16.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.