See dzaʔ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese: 咀 (*ʔsaʔ, zaʔ (ZS), “to taste, to savour”), 飵 /𫗢 (*zaːg, zaːgs (ZS), “(ancient Chu dialect) to eat”), 餐 (*tsʰˁar (B-S, unlisted), *sʰaːn (ZS), “to eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "餐"
},
"expansion": "餐",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"text": "(Note: 餐 may alternatively (and perhaps more preferably) be compared with WT འཚལ་བ ('tshal ba, “(archaic) to eat, to fill the belly”), ཚལ་མ (tshal ma, “breakfast”).)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibetan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Written Tibetan:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "ཟ (za, “to eat”) (fut. བཟའ (bza'), pf. བཟས (bzas) or ཟོས (zos), imp. ཟོ (zo))"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "ཟན (zan, “(cooked) food, dough, porridge”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "ཟས (zas, “food, meal”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lep",
"2": "ᰙᰨ",
"t": "to eat",
"tr": "zo"
},
"expansion": "Lepcha: ᰙᰨ (zo, “to eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lepcha: ᰙᰨ (zo, “to eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "rGyalrongic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West rGyalrongic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Horpa:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txg",
"2": "𗡅",
"t": "eat"
},
"expansion": "Tangut: 𗡅 (*dzji¹, “eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tangut: 𗡅 (*dzji¹, “eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "rGyalrong:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-jap",
"2": "ndza",
"t": "eat"
},
"expansion": "Japhug: ndza (“eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japhug: ndza (“eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-sit",
"2": "ndza",
"t": "eat"
},
"expansion": "Situ: ndza (“eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Situ: ndza (“eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-tsh",
"2": "",
"alt": "ⁿdzē",
"t": "eat"
},
"expansion": "Tshobdun: ⁿdzē (“eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tshobdun: ⁿdzē (“eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-zbu",
"2": "",
"alt": "ⁿdzē ~ ⁿdzī",
"t": "eat"
},
"expansion": "Zbu: ⁿdzē ~ ⁿdzī (“eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zbu: ⁿdzē ~ ⁿdzī (“eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Boro-Garo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "cha·a"
},
"expansion": "Garo: cha·a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Garo: cha·a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "စား",
"t": "to eat, to consume; to erode, to corrode"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: စား (ca:, “to eat, to consume; to erode, to corrode”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Burmese: စား (ca:, “to eat, to consume; to erode, to corrode”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဆန်",
"t": "rice"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: ဆန် (hcan, “rice”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Burmese: ဆန် (hcan, “rice”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꋠ (zze, “to eat (non-liquid food)”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Naic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nmy",
"2": "dzìh",
"t": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "Namuyi: dzìh (“to eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Namuyi: dzìh (“to eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-nas-pro",
"2": "*dza",
"t": "wheat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Naish: *dza (“wheat”)\nNaxi: zzei\nNarua: zzei",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Naish: *dza (“wheat”)\nNaxi: zzei\nNarua: zzei"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "食"
},
"expansion": "食",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*caʔ",
"t": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *dzaʔ (Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-dz(y)a-k/n/t/s (Matisoff, STEDT); *dzya-n/k (Mortensen, 2012); *dza (Weidert, 1987; Michailovsky, 1991; Benedict, 1972); *dza-n ⪤ dza-k (Matisoff, 1983); *dzɑ (Chou, 1972)\nSome consider Chinese 食 to be a reflex of this root; according to the latest reconstructions, 食 and its cognates are probably best listed under *mə-l(j)ək (“to lick”).\nCompare Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "verb",
"cat2": "roots"
},
"expansion": "*dzaʔ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/dzaʔ",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to eat; to drink",
"word": "ʔam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to drink; to suckle",
"word": "N"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to drink; to suckle",
"word": "s-tuŋ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "breast; to suck; to drink",
"word": "s(j)ok"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to drink",
"word": "m-liŋ Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to drink",
"word": "dzaʔ m-luŋ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to lick; tongue; to eat (of animals); to feed (animals)",
"word": "m"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to lick; tongue; to eat (of animals); to feed (animals)",
"word": "s"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to lick; tongue; to eat (of animals); to feed (animals)",
"word": "g-ljak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "rice",
"word": "b-ras"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 27 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to eat"
],
"id": "en-dzaʔ-sit-pro-verb-Unr3wQmn",
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 27 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"food"
],
"id": "en-dzaʔ-sit-pro-verb-wfAmWC~m",
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 27 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to feed (?)"
],
"id": "en-dzaʔ-sit-pro-verb-Z7Z41kyr",
"links": [
[
"feed",
"feed"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 27 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rice"
],
"id": "en-dzaʔ-sit-pro-verb-IJ92QY7O",
"links": [
[
"rice",
"rice"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dzaʔ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese: 咀 (*ʔsaʔ, zaʔ (ZS), “to taste, to savour”), 飵 /𫗢 (*zaːg, zaːgs (ZS), “(ancient Chu dialect) to eat”), 餐 (*tsʰˁar (B-S, unlisted), *sʰaːn (ZS), “to eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "餐"
},
"expansion": "餐",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"text": "(Note: 餐 may alternatively (and perhaps more preferably) be compared with WT འཚལ་བ ('tshal ba, “(archaic) to eat, to fill the belly”), ཚལ་མ (tshal ma, “breakfast”).)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibetan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Written Tibetan:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "ཟ (za, “to eat”) (fut. བཟའ (bza'), pf. བཟས (bzas) or ཟོས (zos), imp. ཟོ (zo))"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "ཟན (zan, “(cooked) food, dough, porridge”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "ཟས (zas, “food, meal”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lep",
"2": "ᰙᰨ",
"t": "to eat",
"tr": "zo"
},
"expansion": "Lepcha: ᰙᰨ (zo, “to eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lepcha: ᰙᰨ (zo, “to eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "rGyalrongic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West rGyalrongic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Horpa:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txg",
"2": "𗡅",
"t": "eat"
},
"expansion": "Tangut: 𗡅 (*dzji¹, “eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tangut: 𗡅 (*dzji¹, “eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "rGyalrong:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-jap",
"2": "ndza",
"t": "eat"
},
"expansion": "Japhug: ndza (“eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japhug: ndza (“eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-sit",
"2": "ndza",
"t": "eat"
},
"expansion": "Situ: ndza (“eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Situ: ndza (“eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-tsh",
"2": "",
"alt": "ⁿdzē",
"t": "eat"
},
"expansion": "Tshobdun: ⁿdzē (“eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tshobdun: ⁿdzē (“eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-zbu",
"2": "",
"alt": "ⁿdzē ~ ⁿdzī",
"t": "eat"
},
"expansion": "Zbu: ⁿdzē ~ ⁿdzī (“eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zbu: ⁿdzē ~ ⁿdzī (“eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Boro-Garo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "cha·a"
},
"expansion": "Garo: cha·a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Garo: cha·a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "စား",
"t": "to eat, to consume; to erode, to corrode"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: စား (ca:, “to eat, to consume; to erode, to corrode”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Burmese: စား (ca:, “to eat, to consume; to erode, to corrode”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဆန်",
"t": "rice"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: ဆန် (hcan, “rice”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Burmese: ဆန် (hcan, “rice”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꋠ (zze, “to eat (non-liquid food)”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Naic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nmy",
"2": "dzìh",
"t": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "Namuyi: dzìh (“to eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Namuyi: dzìh (“to eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-nas-pro",
"2": "*dza",
"t": "wheat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Naish: *dza (“wheat”)\nNaxi: zzei\nNarua: zzei",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Naish: *dza (“wheat”)\nNaxi: zzei\nNarua: zzei"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "食"
},
"expansion": "食",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*caʔ",
"t": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *dzaʔ (Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-dz(y)a-k/n/t/s (Matisoff, STEDT); *dzya-n/k (Mortensen, 2012); *dza (Weidert, 1987; Michailovsky, 1991; Benedict, 1972); *dza-n ⪤ dza-k (Matisoff, 1983); *dzɑ (Chou, 1972)\nSome consider Chinese 食 to be a reflex of this root; according to the latest reconstructions, 食 and its cognates are probably best listed under *mə-l(j)ək (“to lick”).\nCompare Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "verb",
"cat2": "roots"
},
"expansion": "*dzaʔ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/dzaʔ",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to eat; to drink",
"word": "ʔam"
},
{
"english": "to drink; to suckle",
"word": "N"
},
{
"english": "to drink; to suckle",
"word": "s-tuŋ"
},
{
"english": "breast; to suck; to drink",
"word": "s(j)ok"
},
{
"english": "to drink",
"word": "m-liŋ Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan"
},
{
"english": "to drink",
"word": "dzaʔ m-luŋ"
},
{
"english": "to lick; tongue; to eat (of animals); to feed (animals)",
"word": "m"
},
{
"english": "to lick; tongue; to eat (of animals); to feed (animals)",
"word": "s"
},
{
"english": "to lick; tongue; to eat (of animals); to feed (animals)",
"word": "g-ljak"
},
{
"english": "rice",
"word": "b-ras"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to eat"
],
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"food"
],
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to feed (?)"
],
"links": [
[
"feed",
"feed"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rice"
],
"links": [
[
"rice",
"rice"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dzaʔ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dzaʔ meaning in All languages combined (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.