"dunnjan" meaning in All languages combined

See dunnjan on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-West Germanic]

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *dunjaną. Equivalent to *duni (“sound, noise”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*dunjaną}} Proto-Germanic *dunjaną, {{affix|gmw-pro|*duni|*-jan|id2=denominative|t1=sound, noise}} *duni (“sound, noise”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *dunnjan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], dunnjan [class-1, infinitive, weak], dunnjannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], dunnjannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], dunnjannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], dunnju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], dunidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], dunisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], dunidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], dunidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], duniþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], dunidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], dunidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], dunnjum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], dunidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], duniþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], dunidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], dunnjanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], dunidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], dunnjē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], dunidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], dunnjēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], dunidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], dunnjē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], dunidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], dunnjēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], dunidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], dunnjēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], dunidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], dunnjēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], dunidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], duni [class-1, present, singular, weak], duniþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], dunnjandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], dunid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to make loud noise Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-dunnjan-gmw-pro-verb-7bPcov1T Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative), Undetermined quotations with omitted translation

Download JSON data for dunnjan meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "dynnan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: dynnan, dynian\nMiddle English: dynnen, denen, denie, donen, dunien, dunnyn, dynen\nEnglish: dun, din\nScots: dyn, din",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: dynnan, dynian\nMiddle English: dynnen, denen, denie, donen, dunien, dunnyn, dynen\nEnglish: dun, din\nScots: dyn, din"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "dunnian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: dunnian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: dunnian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "*dönnen",
            "3": "dȫnen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: *dönnen, dȫnen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: *dönnen, dȫnen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*tunnen",
            "3": "*tunen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *tunnen, *tunen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *tunnen, *tunen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "dunen",
            "3": "dünen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: dunen, dünen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: dunen, dünen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "dünen",
            "qq": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "German: dünen (archaic)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: dünen (archaic)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*dunjaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dunjaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*duni",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "sound, noise"
      },
      "expansion": "*duni (“sound, noise”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dunjaną. Equivalent to *duni (“sound, noise”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duniþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duniþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duniþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*dunnjan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dunnjan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to make loud noise"
      ],
      "id": "en-dunnjan-gmw-pro-verb-7bPcov1T",
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "loud",
          "loud"
        ],
        [
          "noise",
          "noise"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "dunnjan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "dynnan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: dynnan, dynian\nMiddle English: dynnen, denen, denie, donen, dunien, dunnyn, dynen\nEnglish: dun, din\nScots: dyn, din",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: dynnan, dynian\nMiddle English: dynnen, denen, denie, donen, dunien, dunnyn, dynen\nEnglish: dun, din\nScots: dyn, din"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "dunnian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: dunnian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: dunnian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "*dönnen",
            "3": "dȫnen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: *dönnen, dȫnen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: *dönnen, dȫnen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*tunnen",
            "3": "*tunen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *tunnen, *tunen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *tunnen, *tunen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "dunen",
            "3": "dünen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: dunen, dünen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: dunen, dünen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "dünen",
            "qq": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "German: dünen (archaic)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: dünen (archaic)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*dunjaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dunjaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*duni",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "sound, noise"
      },
      "expansion": "*duni (“sound, noise”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dunjaną. Equivalent to *duni (“sound, noise”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duniþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duniþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duniþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunnjandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*dunnjan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dunnjan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs",
        "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
        "Undetermined terms with quotations",
        "gmw-pro:Sound"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to make loud noise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "loud",
          "loud"
        ],
        [
          "noise",
          "noise"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "dunnjan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.