See dunnjan on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dynnan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dynnan, dynian\nMiddle English: dynnen, denen, denie, donen, dunien, dunnyn, dynen\nEnglish: dun, din\nScots: dyn, din",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dynnan, dynian\nMiddle English: dynnen, denen, denie, donen, dunien, dunnyn, dynen\nEnglish: dun, din\nScots: dyn, din"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "dunnian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: dunnian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: dunnian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "*dönnen",
"3": "dȫnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: *dönnen, dȫnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: *dönnen, dȫnen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*tunnen",
"3": "*tunen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *tunnen, *tunen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *tunnen, *tunen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "dunen",
"3": "dünen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: dunen, dünen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: dunen, dünen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dünen",
"qq": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "German: dünen (archaic)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: dünen (archaic)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dunjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dunjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*duni",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "sound, noise"
},
"expansion": "*duni (“sound, noise”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dunjaną. Equivalent to *duni (“sound, noise”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "duniþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "duniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "duni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "duniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*dunnjan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dunnjan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make loud noise"
],
"id": "en-dunnjan-gmw-pro-verb-7bPcov1T",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"loud",
"loud"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dunnjan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dynnan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dynnan, dynian\nMiddle English: dynnen, denen, denie, donen, dunien, dunnyn, dynen\nEnglish: dun, din\nScots: dyn, din",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dynnan, dynian\nMiddle English: dynnen, denen, denie, donen, dunien, dunnyn, dynen\nEnglish: dun, din\nScots: dyn, din"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "dunnian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: dunnian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: dunnian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "*dönnen",
"3": "dȫnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: *dönnen, dȫnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: *dönnen, dȫnen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*tunnen",
"3": "*tunen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *tunnen, *tunen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *tunnen, *tunen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "dunen",
"3": "dünen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: dunen, dünen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: dunen, dünen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dünen",
"qq": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "German: dünen (archaic)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: dünen (archaic)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dunjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dunjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*duni",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "sound, noise"
},
"expansion": "*duni (“sound, noise”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dunjaną. Equivalent to *duni (“sound, noise”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "duniþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "duniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "duni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "duniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunnjandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dunid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*dunnjan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dunnjan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Sound"
],
"glosses": [
"to make loud noise"
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"loud",
"loud"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dunnjan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dunnjan meaning in All languages combined (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.