See dunc on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "duanc",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "duanc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "duanc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "donca",
"3": "addonca",
"4": "dunche",
"5": "adunche"
},
"expansion": "Italian: donca, addonca, dunche, adunche",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "all archaic"
},
"expansion": "(all archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Italian: donca, addonca, dunche, adunche (all archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arcevia: donga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Viareggio: donca"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "adonca"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: adonca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: adonca"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "dunca",
"3": "addunca",
"4": "nunca",
"5": "annunca",
"6": "dunchi"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: dunca, addunca, nunca, annunca, dunchi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: dunca, addunca, nunca, annunca, dunchi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "dónca"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: dónca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: dónca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "donca"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: donca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: donca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "donca",
"3": "donch"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: donca, donch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: donca, donch"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "doncje",
"3": "dončhe"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: doncje, dončhe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: doncje, dončhe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "donca"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: donca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: donca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "donca",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Ladin: donca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Ladin: donca"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "donc",
"3": "adonc"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: donc, adonc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: donc, adonc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oïl:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ang",
"2": "don",
"3": "adon"
},
"expansion": "Angevin: don, adon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Angevin: don, adon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-brg",
"2": "don",
"3": "aidon"
},
"expansion": "Bourguignon: don, aidon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bourguignon: don, aidon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-gal",
"2": "don",
"3": "adon"
},
"expansion": "Gallo: don, adon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gallo: don, adon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "doun"
},
"expansion": "Norman: doun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: doun"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "dunc",
"3": "adonc"
},
"expansion": "Old French: dunc, adonc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: dunc, adonc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "donc"
},
"expansion": "French: donc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: donc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "doncs",
"3": "donques",
"4": "donces"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: doncs, donques, donces",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: doncs, donques, donces"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "donc",
"3": "adonc",
"4": "doncas",
"5": "adoncas",
"6": "donca"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: donc, adonc, doncas, adoncas, donca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: donc, adonc, doncas, adoncas, donca"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oan",
"2": "doncas"
},
"expansion": "Old Navarro-Aragonese: doncas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Navarro-Aragonese: doncas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "doncas"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: doncas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: doncas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "duncas",
"3": "adduncas",
"4": "ducas",
"5": "adducas"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: duncas, adduncas, ducas, adducas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: duncas, adduncas, ducas, adducas"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a crossing of tunc (“then”) with dum (“while”), likely facilitated by the resemblance of dum to tum, a synonym and close relative of tunc. Attested in several inscriptions.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dunc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "dunc (not comparable)",
"name": "la-adv"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "LL."
},
"expansion": "(Late Latin)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "*dunquam"
}
],
"glosses": [
"then"
],
"id": "en-dunc-la-adv-Ia9vEmD5",
"links": [
[
"then",
"then"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"word": "dunc"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "dunc",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin dunc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "dunc"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin dunc",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin dunc. Compare donkes.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "adverbs",
"3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dunc",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dunc",
"name": "fro-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Anglo-Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"then"
],
"id": "en-dunc-fro-adv-Ia9vEmD5",
"links": [
[
"then",
"then"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often Anglo-Norman) then"
],
"tags": [
"Anglo-Norman",
"often"
]
}
],
"word": "dunc"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "*dunquam"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "duanc",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "duanc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "duanc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "donca",
"3": "addonca",
"4": "dunche",
"5": "adunche"
},
"expansion": "Italian: donca, addonca, dunche, adunche",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "all archaic"
},
"expansion": "(all archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Italian: donca, addonca, dunche, adunche (all archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arcevia: donga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Viareggio: donca"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "adonca"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: adonca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: adonca"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "dunca",
"3": "addunca",
"4": "nunca",
"5": "annunca",
"6": "dunchi"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: dunca, addunca, nunca, annunca, dunchi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: dunca, addunca, nunca, annunca, dunchi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "dónca"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: dónca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: dónca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "donca"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: donca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: donca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "donca",
"3": "donch"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: donca, donch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: donca, donch"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "doncje",
"3": "dončhe"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: doncje, dončhe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: doncje, dončhe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "donca"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: donca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: donca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "donca",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Ladin: donca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Ladin: donca"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "donc",
"3": "adonc"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: donc, adonc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: donc, adonc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oïl:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ang",
"2": "don",
"3": "adon"
},
"expansion": "Angevin: don, adon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Angevin: don, adon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-brg",
"2": "don",
"3": "aidon"
},
"expansion": "Bourguignon: don, aidon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bourguignon: don, aidon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-gal",
"2": "don",
"3": "adon"
},
"expansion": "Gallo: don, adon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gallo: don, adon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "doun"
},
"expansion": "Norman: doun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: doun"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "dunc",
"3": "adonc"
},
"expansion": "Old French: dunc, adonc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: dunc, adonc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "donc"
},
"expansion": "French: donc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: donc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "doncs",
"3": "donques",
"4": "donces"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: doncs, donques, donces",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: doncs, donques, donces"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "donc",
"3": "adonc",
"4": "doncas",
"5": "adoncas",
"6": "donca"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: donc, adonc, doncas, adoncas, donca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: donc, adonc, doncas, adoncas, donca"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oan",
"2": "doncas"
},
"expansion": "Old Navarro-Aragonese: doncas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Navarro-Aragonese: doncas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "doncas"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: doncas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: doncas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "duncas",
"3": "adduncas",
"4": "ducas",
"5": "adducas"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: duncas, adduncas, ducas, adducas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: duncas, adduncas, ducas, adducas"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a crossing of tunc (“then”) with dum (“while”), likely facilitated by the resemblance of dum to tum, a synonym and close relative of tunc. Attested in several inscriptions.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dunc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "dunc (not comparable)",
"name": "la-adv"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "LL."
},
"expansion": "(Late Latin)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Late Latin",
"Latin adverbs",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin uncomparable adverbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"then"
],
"links": [
[
"then",
"then"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"word": "dunc"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "dunc",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin dunc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "dunc"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin dunc",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin dunc. Compare donkes.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "adverbs",
"3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dunc",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dunc",
"name": "fro-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Anglo-Norman",
"Old French adverbs",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"then"
],
"links": [
[
"then",
"then"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often Anglo-Norman) then"
],
"tags": [
"Anglo-Norman",
"often"
]
}
],
"word": "dunc"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dunc meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.