See drūrēn on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "trūrēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: trūrēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: trūrēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "trūren"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: trūren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: trūren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trauern"
},
"expansion": "German: trauern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: trauern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "trūren",
"3": "troren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Low German: trūren, troren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Low German: trūren, troren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "truren",
"3": "truren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Dutch: truren, truren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Dutch: truren, truren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "treuren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: treuren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: treuren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain,\n* Could be related to *dreusan (“to fall”). With the semantic development \"to fall\" > \"to lower one's head\" > \"to mourn\".\n* Possibly an alternative form of *dūrēn (“to mourn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*drūrēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drūrēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to mourn"
],
"id": "en-drūrēn-gmw-pro-verb-0a2rtMg0",
"links": [
[
"mourn",
"mourn"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "drūrēn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "trūrēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: trūrēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: trūrēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "trūren"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: trūren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: trūren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trauern"
},
"expansion": "German: trauern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: trauern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "trūren",
"3": "troren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Low German: trūren, troren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Low German: trūren, troren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "truren",
"3": "truren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Dutch: truren, truren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Dutch: truren, truren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "treuren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: treuren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: treuren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain,\n* Could be related to *dreusan (“to fall”). With the semantic development \"to fall\" > \"to lower one's head\" > \"to mourn\".\n* Possibly an alternative form of *dūrēn (“to mourn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drūrēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drūr?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*drūrēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drūrēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to mourn"
],
"links": [
[
"mourn",
"mourn"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "drūrēn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drūrēn meaning in All languages combined (4.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.