See dirwy on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to fine",
"word": "dirwyo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "diruy",
"alt": "diruy, dyruy, dyrwy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh diruy, dyruy, dyrwy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dīreiyom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dīreiyom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "díre"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish díre",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh diruy, dyruy, dyrwy, from Proto-Celtic *dīreiyom. Cognate to Old Irish díre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dirwyon",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dirwyau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dirwy",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ddirwy",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nirwy",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mf",
"2": "dirwyon",
"pl2": "dirwyau"
},
"expansion": "dirwy m or f (plural dirwyon or dirwyau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "camlwrw"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fine (fee levied as punishment for breaking the law)"
],
"id": "en-dirwy-cy-noun-vd~ryjNh",
"links": [
[
"fine",
"fine"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "cy:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "For three things are there dirwy: namely, for fighting, for theft, for rape. — The Laws of Hywel Dda",
"text": "De tribus fit dirwy: scilicet, de pugna, furto, treiss."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fine of twelve cows paid to a king for various offenses"
],
"id": "en-dirwy-cy-noun-~ViI9RLQ",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, historical, specifically) a fine of twelve cows paid to a king for various offenses"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical",
"masculine",
"specifically"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪrʊɨ̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiːrʊi̯/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪrʊi̯/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"audio": "Cy-dirwy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Cy-dirwy.ogg/Cy-dirwy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Cy-dirwy.ogg"
}
],
"word": "dirwy"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with multiple genders",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to fine",
"word": "dirwyo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "diruy",
"alt": "diruy, dyruy, dyrwy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh diruy, dyruy, dyrwy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dīreiyom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dīreiyom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "díre"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish díre",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh diruy, dyruy, dyrwy, from Proto-Celtic *dīreiyom. Cognate to Old Irish díre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dirwyon",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dirwyau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dirwy",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ddirwy",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nirwy",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mf",
"2": "dirwyon",
"pl2": "dirwyau"
},
"expansion": "dirwy m or f (plural dirwyon or dirwyau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "camlwrw"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fine (fee levied as punishment for breaking the law)"
],
"links": [
[
"fine",
"fine"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Welsh terms with historical senses",
"cy:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "For three things are there dirwy: namely, for fighting, for theft, for rape. — The Laws of Hywel Dda",
"text": "De tribus fit dirwy: scilicet, de pugna, furto, treiss."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fine of twelve cows paid to a king for various offenses"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, historical, specifically) a fine of twelve cows paid to a king for various offenses"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical",
"masculine",
"specifically"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪrʊɨ̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiːrʊi̯/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪrʊi̯/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"audio": "Cy-dirwy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Cy-dirwy.ogg/Cy-dirwy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Cy-dirwy.ogg"
}
],
"word": "dirwy"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dirwy meaning in All languages combined (2.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dirwy/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dirwy"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dirwy",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dirwy/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dirwy"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dirwy",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dirwy/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dirwy"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dirwy",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.