"cupel" meaning in All languages combined

See cupel on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈkjuːpəl/ Forms: cupels [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from French coupelle, from Medieval Latin cūpella, from Latin cūpa (“cask”) + -ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”). Equivalent to cup + -el. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|coupelle}} French coupelle, {{der|en|ML.|cūpella}} Medieval Latin cūpella, {{der|en|la|cūpa||cask}} Latin cūpa (“cask”), {{m|la|-ella||-elle: forming feminine diminutives}} -ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”), {{suffix|en|cup|el}} cup + -el Head templates: {{en-noun}} cupel (plural cupels)
  1. A small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead. Categories (topical): Containers Derived forms: cupel-dust, cupellate, cupellation Translations (a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead): քուրայ (kʻuray) (Armenian), copel·la [feminine] (Catalan), coupelle [feminine] (French), copela [feminine] (Galician), Treibherd [masculine] (German), Probiertiegel [masculine] (German), Kupelle [feminine] (German), kupelo (Ido), cupa [masculine] (Irish), coppella [feminine] (Italian), тиге́ль (tigélʹ) [masculine] (Russian), copela [feminine] (Spanish), ciwpel [masculine] (Welsh), coethlestr [masculine] (Welsh), llestr coethi [masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-cupel-en-noun-PjgxTrfw Disambiguation of Containers: 60 40
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: copel, coppel [obsolete]

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈkjuːpəl/ Forms: cupels [present, singular, third-person], cupelling [participle, present], cupeling [participle, present], cupelled [participle, past], cupelled [past], cupeled [participle, past], cupeled [past]
Etymology: Borrowed from French coupelle, from Medieval Latin cūpella, from Latin cūpa (“cask”) + -ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”). Equivalent to cup + -el. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|coupelle}} French coupelle, {{der|en|ML.|cūpella}} Medieval Latin cūpella, {{der|en|la|cūpa||cask}} Latin cūpa (“cask”), {{m|la|-ella||-elle: forming feminine diminutives}} -ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”), {{suffix|en|cup|el}} cup + -el Head templates: {{en-verb|++|past2=cupeled|pres_ptc2=cupeling}} cupel (third-person singular simple present cupels, present participle cupelling or cupeling, simple past and past participle cupelled or cupeled)
  1. To refine or assay using a cupel. Synonyms: cupellate Derived forms: cupeller Translations (to refine by means of a cupel): copel·lar (Catalan), copelar (Galician), kupelagar (Ido), coppellare (Italian), pustulatus (Latin), pusulatus [adjective] (Latin), ciwpelu (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-cupel-en-verb-T~1aH67c Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -el Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 41 59 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 33 67 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 34 66 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -el: 32 68
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: copel, coppel [obsolete]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for cupel meaning in All languages combined (7.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "coupelle"
      },
      "expansion": "French coupelle",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "cūpella"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin cūpella",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cūpa",
        "4": "",
        "5": "cask"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cūpa (“cask”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ella",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-elle: forming feminine diminutives"
      },
      "expansion": "-ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cup",
        "3": "el"
      },
      "expansion": "cup + -el",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French coupelle, from Medieval Latin cūpella, from Latin cūpa (“cask”) + -ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”). Equivalent to cup + -el.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cupels",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cupel (plural cupels)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Containers",
          "orig": "en:Containers",
          "parents": [
            "Tools",
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "cupel-dust"
        },
        {
          "word": "cupellate"
        },
        {
          "word": "cupellation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead."
      ],
      "id": "en-cupel-en-noun-PjgxTrfw",
      "links": [
        [
          "circular",
          "circular"
        ],
        [
          "receptacle",
          "receptacle"
        ],
        [
          "assay",
          "assay"
        ],
        [
          "gold",
          "gold"
        ],
        [
          "silver",
          "silver"
        ],
        [
          "lead",
          "lead"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "kʻuray",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "word": "քուրայ"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "copel·la"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "coupelle"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "copela"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Treibherd"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Probiertiegel"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Kupelle"
        },
        {
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "word": "kupelo"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cupa"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "coppella"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tigélʹ",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "тиге́ль"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "copela"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ciwpel"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "coethlestr"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "llestr coethi"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkjuːpəl/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "copel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "coppel"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cupel"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "coupelle"
      },
      "expansion": "French coupelle",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "cūpella"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin cūpella",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cūpa",
        "4": "",
        "5": "cask"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cūpa (“cask”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ella",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-elle: forming feminine diminutives"
      },
      "expansion": "-ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cup",
        "3": "el"
      },
      "expansion": "cup + -el",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French coupelle, from Medieval Latin cūpella, from Latin cūpa (“cask”) + -ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”). Equivalent to cup + -el.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cupels",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cupelling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cupeling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cupelled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cupelled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cupeled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cupeled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "++",
        "past2": "cupeled",
        "pres_ptc2": "cupeling"
      },
      "expansion": "cupel (third-person singular simple present cupels, present participle cupelling or cupeling, simple past and past participle cupelled or cupeled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -el",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "cupeller"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To refine or assay using a cupel."
      ],
      "id": "en-cupel-en-verb-T~1aH67c",
      "links": [
        [
          "refine",
          "refine"
        ],
        [
          "assay",
          "assay"
        ],
        [
          "cupel",
          "#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cupellate"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
          "word": "copel·lar"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
          "word": "copelar"
        },
        {
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
          "word": "kupelagar"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
          "word": "coppellare"
        },
        {
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
          "word": "pustulatus"
        },
        {
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "pusulatus"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
          "word": "ciwpelu"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkjuːpəl/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "copel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "coppel"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cupel"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "English terms suffixed with -el",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English verbs",
    "en:Containers"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cupel-dust"
    },
    {
      "word": "cupellate"
    },
    {
      "word": "cupellation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "coupelle"
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      "expansion": "French coupelle",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "cūpella"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin cūpella",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cūpa",
        "4": "",
        "5": "cask"
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      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ella",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-elle: forming feminine diminutives"
      },
      "expansion": "-ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cup",
        "3": "el"
      },
      "expansion": "cup + -el",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French coupelle, from Medieval Latin cūpella, from Latin cūpa (“cask”) + -ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”). Equivalent to cup + -el.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cupels",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cupel (plural cupels)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "circular",
          "circular"
        ],
        [
          "receptacle",
          "receptacle"
        ],
        [
          "assay",
          "assay"
        ],
        [
          "gold",
          "gold"
        ],
        [
          "silver",
          "silver"
        ],
        [
          "lead",
          "lead"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkjuːpəl/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "copel"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "coppel"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "kʻuray",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "word": "քուրայ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "copel·la"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "coupelle"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "copela"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Treibherd"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Probiertiegel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Kupelle"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "word": "kupelo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cupa"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "coppella"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tigélʹ",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "тиге́ль"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "copela"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ciwpel"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "coethlestr"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "a small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "llestr coethi"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cupel"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "English terms suffixed with -el",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English verbs",
    "en:Containers"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cupeller"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "coupelle"
      },
      "expansion": "French coupelle",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "cūpella"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin cūpella",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cūpa",
        "4": "",
        "5": "cask"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cūpa (“cask”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ella",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-elle: forming feminine diminutives"
      },
      "expansion": "-ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cup",
        "3": "el"
      },
      "expansion": "cup + -el",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French coupelle, from Medieval Latin cūpella, from Latin cūpa (“cask”) + -ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”). Equivalent to cup + -el.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cupels",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cupelling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cupeling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cupelled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cupelled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cupeled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cupeled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "++",
        "past2": "cupeled",
        "pres_ptc2": "cupeling"
      },
      "expansion": "cupel (third-person singular simple present cupels, present participle cupelling or cupeling, simple past and past participle cupelled or cupeled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To refine or assay using a cupel."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "refine",
          "refine"
        ],
        [
          "assay",
          "assay"
        ],
        [
          "cupel",
          "#Noun"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkjuːpəl/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "cupellate"
    },
    {
      "word": "copel"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "coppel"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
      "word": "copel·lar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
      "word": "copelar"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
      "word": "kupelagar"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
      "word": "coppellare"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
      "word": "pustulatus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "pusulatus"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "to refine by means of a cupel",
      "word": "ciwpelu"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cupel"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.