See crudan on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crouden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: crouden, crowdyn, crowde, croude, crude, cruden, croden\nEnglish: crowd\nScots: crood",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: crouden, crowdyn, crowde, croude, crude, cruden, croden\nEnglish: crowd\nScots: crood"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krūdan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krūdan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krūdaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krūdaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *krūdan, from Proto-Germanic *krūdaną, *kreudaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crūdan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crūde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crēad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crȳtst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crȳtt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crȳt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crēad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crudon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crūde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cruden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crūd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "croden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġecroden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crūdan"
},
"expansion": "crūdan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crūdan<s2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "crēodan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 30 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to drive"
],
"id": "en-crudan-ang-verb-HA4NLKj4",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 30 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to press (forward)"
],
"id": "en-crudan-ang-verb-IXZLjTv1",
"links": [
[
"press",
"press"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 30 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to crowd"
],
"id": "en-crudan-ang-verb-M38X1i5N",
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruː.dɑn/"
}
],
"word": "crudan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cruden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: cruden\nDutch: kruien\nAfrikaans: kruie, krui",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: cruden\nDutch: kruien\nAfrikaans: kruie, krui"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krūdan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krūdan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *krūdan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crūdan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crōt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crudi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crudis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crōt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crudun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crudut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdont",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crudun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crudi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crudi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crudin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crudit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crudin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "participle",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crodan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gicrodan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "reconstructed verb",
"cat2": "",
"head": "*crūdan",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*crūdan",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "*crūdan"
},
"expansion": "*crūdan",
"name": "odt-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crūd",
"class": "2"
},
"name": "odt-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/crudan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push"
],
"id": "en-crudan-odt-verb-xf7d~PC8",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "crudan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cruden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: cruden\nDutch: kruien\nAfrikaans: kruie, krui",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: cruden\nDutch: kruien\nAfrikaans: kruie, krui"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krūdan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krūdan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *krūdan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crūdan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crōt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crudi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crudis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crōt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crudun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crudut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdont",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crudun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crudi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crudi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crudin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crudit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crudin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "participle",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crodan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gicrodan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "reconstructed verb",
"cat2": "",
"head": "*crūdan",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*crūdan",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "*crūdan"
},
"expansion": "*crūdan",
"name": "odt-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crūd",
"class": "2"
},
"name": "odt-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/crudan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Dutch basic verbs",
"Old Dutch class 2 strong verbs",
"Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Dutch lemmas",
"Old Dutch reconstructed verbs",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to push"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "crudan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crouden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: crouden, crowdyn, crowde, croude, crude, cruden, croden\nEnglish: crowd\nScots: crood",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: crouden, crowdyn, crowde, croude, crude, cruden, croden\nEnglish: crowd\nScots: crood"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krūdan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krūdan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krūdaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krūdaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *krūdan, from Proto-Germanic *krūdaną, *kreudaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crūdan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crūde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crēad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crȳtst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crȳtt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crȳt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crēad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crudon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crūde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cruden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crūd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crūdende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "croden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġecroden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crūdan"
},
"expansion": "crūdan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crūdan<s2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "crēodan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to drive"
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to press (forward)"
],
"links": [
[
"press",
"press"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to crowd"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruː.dɑn/"
}
],
"word": "crudan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crudan meaning in All languages combined (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.