cringan in All languages combined

IPA: /ˈkrin.ɡɑn/, [ˈkriŋ.ɡɑn] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *kringaną. Cognate with Old Frisian krenza, Old Saxon krengon (“heel over”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*kringaną}} Proto-Germanic *kringaną, {{cog|ofs|krenza}} Old Frisian krenza, {{cog|osx|krengon||heel over}} Old Saxon krengon (“heel over”) Head templates: {{ang-verb}} cringan Inflection templates: {{ang-conj|cringan<s3>}} Forms: strong [table-tags], cringan [infinitive], cringenne [infinitive], cringe [first-person, present, singular], crang [first-person, past, singular], cringst [present, second-person, singular], crunge [past, second-person, singular], cringþ [present, singular, third-person], crang [past, singular, third-person], cringaþ [plural, present], crungon [past, plural], cringe [present, singular], crunge [past, singular], cringen [plural, present], crungen [past, plural], cring [imperative, past, present, singular], cringaþ [imperative, past, plural, present], cringende [imperative, present], crungen [imperative, past], ġecrungen [imperative, past]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "cringe"
          },
          "expansion": "English: cringe",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "partly"
          },
          "expansion": "(partly)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: cringe (partly)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kringaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kringaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "krenza"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian krenza",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "krengon",
        "3": "",
        "4": "heel over"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon krengon (“heel over”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kringaną.\nCognate with Old Frisian krenza, Old Saxon krengon (“heel over”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringenne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crang",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crunge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crang",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crungon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crunge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cring",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġecrungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cringan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cringan<s3>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to fall, yield"
      ],
      "id": "en-cringan-ang-verb-pates8Cn",
      "links": [
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "yield",
          "yield"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to fall or die in battle"
      ],
      "id": "en-cringan-ang-verb-eXQ~GsdK"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkrin.ɡɑn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkriŋ.ɡɑn]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "crincan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "crinċġan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ġecringan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cringan"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English class 3 strong verbs",
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "cringe"
          },
          "expansion": "English: cringe",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "partly"
          },
          "expansion": "(partly)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: cringe (partly)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kringaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kringaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "krenza"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian krenza",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "krengon",
        "3": "",
        "4": "heel over"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon krengon (“heel over”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kringaną.\nCognate with Old Frisian krenza, Old Saxon krengon (“heel over”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringenne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crang",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crunge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crang",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crungon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crunge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cring",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cringende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġecrungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cringan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cringan<s3>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to fall, yield"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "yield",
          "yield"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to fall or die in battle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkrin.ɡɑn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkriŋ.ɡɑn]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "crincan"
    },
    {
      "word": "crinċġan"
    },
    {
      "word": "ġecringan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cringan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"cringan" meaning in All languages combined

Verb [Old English]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms