See ciumă on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "чума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: чума (čuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: чума (čuma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: чума (čuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: чума (čuma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: чума (čuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: чума (čuma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "چوما",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "çuma"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: چوما (çuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: چوما (çuma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dżuma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: dżuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: dżuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "чума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: чума (čuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: чума (čuma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čuma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: čuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: čuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "чума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tatar: чума (çuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tatar: чума (çuma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "чума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: чума (čuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: чума (čuma)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "cyma"
},
"expansion": "Latin cyma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κῦμα",
"4": "",
"5": "swell, wave, billow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῦμα (kûma, “swell, wave, billow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ciumã",
"3": "",
"4": "peak, summit"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian ciumã (“peak, summit”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Latin cyma, from Ancient Greek κῦμα (kûma, “swell, wave, billow”). The meaning was probably derived from the swellings from diseases such as the bubonic plague. Compare also Aromanian ciumã (“peak, summit”), which has a meaning shared by most other Romance languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciume",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-f-ă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "ciume"
},
"expansion": "ciumă f (plural ciume)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"gpd": "ciumelor",
"gpi": "ciume",
"gsd": "ciumei",
"gsi": "ciume",
"n": "",
"npd": "ciumele",
"npi": "ciume",
"nsd": "ciuma",
"nsi": "ciumă",
"vp": "ciumelor",
"vs": "ciumă",
"vs2": "ciumo"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plague, pest, pestilence"
],
"id": "en-ciumă-ro-noun-etLUrr5B",
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague"
],
[
"pest",
"pest"
],
[
"pestilence",
"pestilence"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "plagă"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pestă"
},
{
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "pestilență"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-ciumă.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-cium%C4%83.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-cium%C4%83.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-cium%C4%83.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-cium%C4%83.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ciumă"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "чума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: чума (čuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: чума (čuma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: чума (čuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: чума (čuma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: чума (čuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: чума (čuma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "چوما",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "çuma"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: چوما (çuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: چوما (çuma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dżuma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: dżuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: dżuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "чума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: чума (čuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: чума (čuma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čuma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: čuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: čuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "чума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tatar: чума (çuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tatar: чума (çuma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "чума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: чума (čuma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: чума (čuma)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "cyma"
},
"expansion": "Latin cyma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κῦμα",
"4": "",
"5": "swell, wave, billow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῦμα (kûma, “swell, wave, billow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ciumã",
"3": "",
"4": "peak, summit"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian ciumã (“peak, summit”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Latin cyma, from Ancient Greek κῦμα (kûma, “swell, wave, billow”). The meaning was probably derived from the swellings from diseases such as the bubonic plague. Compare also Aromanian ciumã (“peak, summit”), which has a meaning shared by most other Romance languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciume",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-f-ă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciumelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "ciume"
},
"expansion": "ciumă f (plural ciume)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"gpd": "ciumelor",
"gpi": "ciume",
"gsd": "ciumei",
"gsi": "ciume",
"n": "",
"npd": "ciumele",
"npi": "ciume",
"nsd": "ciuma",
"nsi": "ciumă",
"vp": "ciumelor",
"vs": "ciumă",
"vs2": "ciumo"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "plagă"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian feminine nouns",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms inherited from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"plague, pest, pestilence"
],
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague"
],
[
"pest",
"pest"
],
[
"pestilence",
"pestilence"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pestă"
},
{
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "pestilență"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-ciumă.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-cium%C4%83.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-cium%C4%83.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-cium%C4%83.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-cium%C4%83.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ciumă"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciumă meaning in All languages combined (4.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"ciumă"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ciumă",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (74c5344 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.