See cinchona on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cinchona meaning in All languages combined (8.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchona red"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "NL.",
"3": "cinchona"
},
"expansion": "New Latin cinchona",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "Chinchón"
},
"expansion": "Spanish Chinchón",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón"
},
"expansion": "Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón",
"alt": "",
"born": "1599",
"died": "1625",
"wplink": "Luis Jerónimo de Cabrera, 4th Count of Chinchón#Quinine"
},
"expansion": "Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón (1599–1625)",
"name": "named-after"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From New Latin cinchona, from Spanish Chinchón. Named by Carl Linnaeus after Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón (1599–1625), the wife of the Spanish Viceroy of Peru, who was allegedly cured of a fever by the bark.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cinchonas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "cinchona (countable and uncountable, plural cinchonas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchonaceae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchonaceous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchonamine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchonate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchonia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchonic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchonicia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchonicine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchonidia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchonidine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinchonic red"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 20 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 18 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 23 16",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Madder family plants",
"orig": "en:Madder family plants",
"parents": [
"Gentianales order plants",
"Shrubs",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 37 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pharmaceutical drugs",
"orig": "en:Pharmaceutical drugs",
"parents": [
"Drugs",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 222",
"text": "He seems to have collected plants of every kind - sugar-cane, coffee, cinchona, cocoa, indigo, and many others - and thus demonstrates beyond a doubt that Arnheim's Land will not prove herself behind the rest of the tropical world both in planting and agriculture, when the labour question is settled, and a properly-arranged coolie system enables planters to give the country a proper trial.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 8",
"text": "German chemists were the first to isolate pure drug chemicals from herbal medicines, with the isolation of morphine from crude opium in 1803 and quinine from the bark of the cinchona tree in 1820.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tree or shrub of the genus Cinchona, native to the Andes in South America but since widely cultivated in Indonesia and India as well for its medicinal bark."
],
"id": "en-cinchona-en-noun-VpvF9QO0",
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Cinchona",
"Cinchona#Translingual"
],
[
"Andes",
"Andes"
],
[
"South America",
"South America"
],
[
"Indonesia",
"Indonesia"
],
[
"India",
"India"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "quinquina"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "64 20 16",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hininovo dǎrvo",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "хининово дърво"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 20 16",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kinkono"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 20 16",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kiinapuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 20 16",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "quinquina"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 20 16",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Chinarindenbaum"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 20 16",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kínafa"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 20 16",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quina"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 20 16",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "singkona"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The bark of these plants, which yield quinine and other alkaloids useful in reducing fevers and particularly in combatting malaria."
],
"id": "en-cinchona-en-noun-ACuhhl~z",
"links": [
[
"bark",
"bark"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"quinine",
"quinine"
],
[
"alkaloid",
"alkaloid"
],
[
"fever",
"fever"
],
[
"malaria",
"malaria"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cinchona-bark"
},
{
"word": "Jesuit's bark"
},
{
"word": "Peruvian bark"
},
{
"word": "quinquina"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any medicine chiefly composed of the prepared bark of these plants."
],
"id": "en-cinchona-en-noun-OjJGenac",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Any medicine chiefly composed of the prepared bark of these plants."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɪŋˈkəʊnə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sɪŋˈkoʊnə/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chinchona"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chincona"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hininova kora",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хининова кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bark",
"word": "kinkono"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bark",
"word": "kiinapuun kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "herbe des jésuites"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Chinarinde"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kunain",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कुनैन"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quina"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xína",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хи́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xínnaja kórka",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хи́нная ко́рка"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xínnaja korá",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хи́нная кора́"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xínnaja nastójka",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хи́нная насто́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cascarilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chinchona"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quina"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quinaquina"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "quino"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteza de quino"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "bark",
"word": "kinin lapası"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "bark",
"word": "Cizvit merhemi"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhisgl yr India"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 37 31",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bark",
"word": "rhisgl Periw"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Carl Linnaeus"
],
"word": "cinchona"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English eponyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from New Latin",
"English terms derived from New Latin",
"English terms derived from Spanish",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Madder family plants",
"en:Pharmaceutical drugs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cinchonal"
},
{
"word": "cinchona red"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "NL.",
"3": "cinchona"
},
"expansion": "New Latin cinchona",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "Chinchón"
},
"expansion": "Spanish Chinchón",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón"
},
"expansion": "Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón",
"alt": "",
"born": "1599",
"died": "1625",
"wplink": "Luis Jerónimo de Cabrera, 4th Count of Chinchón#Quinine"
},
"expansion": "Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón (1599–1625)",
"name": "named-after"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From New Latin cinchona, from Spanish Chinchón. Named by Carl Linnaeus after Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón (1599–1625), the wife of the Spanish Viceroy of Peru, who was allegedly cured of a fever by the bark.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cinchonas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "cinchona (countable and uncountable, plural cinchonas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cinchonaceae"
},
{
"word": "cinchonaceous"
},
{
"word": "cinchonamine"
},
{
"word": "cinchonate"
},
{
"word": "cinchonia"
},
{
"word": "cinchonic"
},
{
"word": "cinchonicia"
},
{
"word": "cinchonicine"
},
{
"word": "cinchonidia"
},
{
"word": "cinchonidine"
},
{
"word": "cinchonic red"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 222",
"text": "He seems to have collected plants of every kind - sugar-cane, coffee, cinchona, cocoa, indigo, and many others - and thus demonstrates beyond a doubt that Arnheim's Land will not prove herself behind the rest of the tropical world both in planting and agriculture, when the labour question is settled, and a properly-arranged coolie system enables planters to give the country a proper trial.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 8",
"text": "German chemists were the first to isolate pure drug chemicals from herbal medicines, with the isolation of morphine from crude opium in 1803 and quinine from the bark of the cinchona tree in 1820.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tree or shrub of the genus Cinchona, native to the Andes in South America but since widely cultivated in Indonesia and India as well for its medicinal bark."
],
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Cinchona",
"Cinchona#Translingual"
],
[
"Andes",
"Andes"
],
[
"South America",
"South America"
],
[
"Indonesia",
"Indonesia"
],
[
"India",
"India"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "quinquina"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The bark of these plants, which yield quinine and other alkaloids useful in reducing fevers and particularly in combatting malaria."
],
"links": [
[
"bark",
"bark"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"quinine",
"quinine"
],
[
"alkaloid",
"alkaloid"
],
[
"fever",
"fever"
],
[
"malaria",
"malaria"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cinchona-bark"
},
{
"word": "Jesuit's bark"
},
{
"word": "Peruvian bark"
},
{
"word": "quinquina"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"Any medicine chiefly composed of the prepared bark of these plants."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Any medicine chiefly composed of the prepared bark of these plants."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɪŋˈkəʊnə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sɪŋˈkoʊnə/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chinchona"
},
{
"word": "chincona"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hininovo dǎrvo",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "хининово дърво"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kinkono"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kiinapuu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "quinquina"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Chinarindenbaum"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kínafa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quina"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "singkona"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hininova kora",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хининова кора"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bark",
"word": "kinkono"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bark",
"word": "kiinapuun kuori"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "herbe des jésuites"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Chinarinde"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kunain",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कुनैन"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quina"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xína",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хи́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xínnaja kórka",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хи́нная ко́рка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xínnaja korá",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хи́нная кора́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xínnaja nastójka",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хи́нная насто́йка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cascarilla"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chinchona"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quinaquina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "quino"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteza de quino"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "bark",
"word": "kinin lapası"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "bark",
"word": "Cizvit merhemi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhisgl yr India"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bark",
"word": "rhisgl Periw"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Carl Linnaeus"
],
"word": "cinchona"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.