See ciems on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ciems meaning in All languages combined (8.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ciemiņš"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeym-",
"4": "",
"5": "village, home"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeym- (“village, home”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "saime",
"3": "",
"4": "family, household"
},
"expansion": "saime (“family, household”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱey-"
},
"expansion": "*ḱey-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱoy-",
"3": "",
"4": "to be located; camp; abode"
},
"expansion": "*ḱoy- (“to be located; camp; abode”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ciems"
},
"expansion": "ciems",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kaimiņš",
"3": "",
"4": "neighbor"
},
"expansion": "kaimiņš (“neighbor”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ciems"
},
"expansion": "ciems",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷyeh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "piece, quiet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“piece, quiet”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haimaz",
"3": "",
"4": "village"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kiẽmas",
"3": "",
"4": "yard, rural house, village"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kiẽmas (“yard, rural house, village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaimas",
"3": "kaímas",
"4": "village"
},
"expansion": "kaímas (“village”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "caymis",
"3": "",
"4": "village"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian caymis (“village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "aucima",
"3": "",
"4": "village"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian aucima (“village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haimaz",
"3": "",
"4": "house, village"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“house, village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "village"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃 (haims, “village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "heim",
"3": "",
"4": "dwelling, house"
},
"expansion": "Old High German heim (“dwelling, house”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Heim"
},
"expansion": "German Heim",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "home"
},
"expansion": "English home",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κώμη",
"3": "",
"4": "village"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κεῖμαι",
"3": "",
"4": "to lie down"
},
"expansion": "κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie down”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeym- (“village, home”) (whence also saime (“family, household”), q.v.), from *ḱey-, *ḱoy- (“to be located; camp; abode”); the original meaning of ciems was thus “camp, encampment.” A parallel form *kaims (> kaimiņš (“neighbor”), q.v.) also existed. Since Proto-Indo-European *ḱ should yield Latvian *š > s, not c, it has been suggested that ciems and all its Baltic cognates descend from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“piece, quiet”), or result from a borrowing, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“village”); but there are rather many Baltic and Slavic words with irregular reflexes of *ḱ, which suggest dialectal differences or parallel forms (*ḱey-/*key-) already in Proto-Indo-European. Cognates include Lithuanian kiẽmas (“yard, rural house, village”), kaímas (“village”), Old Prussian caymis (“village”), Sudovian aucima (“village”), Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“house, village”) (Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃 (haims, “village”), Old High German heim (“dwelling, house”), German Heim, English home), Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”) (compare κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie down”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1st declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ciems",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ciems m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "ciems m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ciem",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ciem",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ciems",
"10": "ciemiem",
"11": "ciemā",
"12": "ciemos",
"13": "ciem",
"14": "ciemi",
"2": "ciemi",
"3": "ciemu",
"4": "ciemus",
"5": "ciema",
"6": "ciemu",
"7": "ciemam",
"8": "ciemiem",
"9": "ciemu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 21 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "big, small village",
"text": "liels, mazs ciems",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a village on the seashore",
"text": "ciems jūras krastā",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"village, settlement (small group of houses that forms a territorial unit)"
],
"id": "en-ciems-lv-noun-nnyxbbhc",
"links": [
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"settlement",
"settlement"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
],
[
"houses",
"houses#English"
],
[
"territorial",
"territorial#English"
],
[
"unit",
"unit#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 53 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 51 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 59 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 21 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the whole vilage came running to watch",
"text": "viss ciems saskrēja skatīties",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the inhabitants of a village"
],
"id": "en-ciems-lv-noun-AOhNfzzK",
"links": [
[
"inhabitant",
"inhabitant"
],
[
"village",
"village"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 21 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "village council",
"text": "ciema padome",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "village territory",
"text": "ciema teritorija",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the towns/cities and villages of the district",
"text": "rajona pilsētas un ciemi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the area surrounding a village, organized as an administrative unit"
],
"id": "en-ciems-lv-noun-tu4FbwKk",
"links": [
[
"area",
"area"
],
[
"surrounding",
"surrounding"
],
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"administrative",
"administrative"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tsìems]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-ciems.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Lv-riga-ciems.ogg/Lv-riga-ciems.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Lv-riga-ciems.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ciemats"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:ciems"
],
"word": "ciems"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian first declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latvian terms with audio links",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Latvian words with falling intonation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ciemiņš"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeym-",
"4": "",
"5": "village, home"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeym- (“village, home”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "saime",
"3": "",
"4": "family, household"
},
"expansion": "saime (“family, household”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱey-"
},
"expansion": "*ḱey-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱoy-",
"3": "",
"4": "to be located; camp; abode"
},
"expansion": "*ḱoy- (“to be located; camp; abode”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ciems"
},
"expansion": "ciems",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kaimiņš",
"3": "",
"4": "neighbor"
},
"expansion": "kaimiņš (“neighbor”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ciems"
},
"expansion": "ciems",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷyeh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "piece, quiet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“piece, quiet”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haimaz",
"3": "",
"4": "village"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kiẽmas",
"3": "",
"4": "yard, rural house, village"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kiẽmas (“yard, rural house, village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaimas",
"3": "kaímas",
"4": "village"
},
"expansion": "kaímas (“village”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "caymis",
"3": "",
"4": "village"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian caymis (“village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "aucima",
"3": "",
"4": "village"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian aucima (“village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haimaz",
"3": "",
"4": "house, village"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“house, village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "village"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃 (haims, “village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "heim",
"3": "",
"4": "dwelling, house"
},
"expansion": "Old High German heim (“dwelling, house”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Heim"
},
"expansion": "German Heim",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "home"
},
"expansion": "English home",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κώμη",
"3": "",
"4": "village"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κεῖμαι",
"3": "",
"4": "to lie down"
},
"expansion": "κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie down”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeym- (“village, home”) (whence also saime (“family, household”), q.v.), from *ḱey-, *ḱoy- (“to be located; camp; abode”); the original meaning of ciems was thus “camp, encampment.” A parallel form *kaims (> kaimiņš (“neighbor”), q.v.) also existed. Since Proto-Indo-European *ḱ should yield Latvian *š > s, not c, it has been suggested that ciems and all its Baltic cognates descend from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“piece, quiet”), or result from a borrowing, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“village”); but there are rather many Baltic and Slavic words with irregular reflexes of *ḱ, which suggest dialectal differences or parallel forms (*ḱey-/*key-) already in Proto-Indo-European. Cognates include Lithuanian kiẽmas (“yard, rural house, village”), kaímas (“village”), Old Prussian caymis (“village”), Sudovian aucima (“village”), Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“house, village”) (Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃 (haims, “village”), Old High German heim (“dwelling, house”), German Heim, English home), Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”) (compare κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie down”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1st declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ciems",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ciems m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "ciems m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ciem",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ciem",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ciems",
"10": "ciemiem",
"11": "ciemā",
"12": "ciemos",
"13": "ciem",
"14": "ciemi",
"2": "ciemi",
"3": "ciemu",
"4": "ciemus",
"5": "ciema",
"6": "ciemu",
"7": "ciemam",
"8": "ciemiem",
"9": "ciemu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "big, small village",
"text": "liels, mazs ciems",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a village on the seashore",
"text": "ciems jūras krastā",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"village, settlement (small group of houses that forms a territorial unit)"
],
"links": [
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"settlement",
"settlement"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
],
[
"houses",
"houses#English"
],
[
"territorial",
"territorial#English"
],
[
"unit",
"unit#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the whole vilage came running to watch",
"text": "viss ciems saskrēja skatīties",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the inhabitants of a village"
],
"links": [
[
"inhabitant",
"inhabitant"
],
[
"village",
"village"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "village council",
"text": "ciema padome",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "village territory",
"text": "ciema teritorija",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the towns/cities and villages of the district",
"text": "rajona pilsētas un ciemi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the area surrounding a village, organized as an administrative unit"
],
"links": [
[
"area",
"area"
],
[
"surrounding",
"surrounding"
],
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"administrative",
"administrative"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tsìems]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-ciems.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Lv-riga-ciems.ogg/Lv-riga-ciems.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Lv-riga-ciems.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciemats"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:ciems"
],
"word": "ciems"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.