"chuzo" meaning in All languages combined

See chuzo on Wiktionary

Noun [Galician]

IPA: [ˈt͡ʃu.θʊ], [ˈt͡ʃu.sʊ] [Western] Forms: chuzos [plural]
Etymology: Attested since 1707. Probably from Spanish chuzo. Etymology templates: {{bor|gl|es|chuzo}} Spanish chuzo Head templates: {{gl-noun|m}} chuzo m (plural chuzos)
  1. rustic spear traditionally used to chase wolves Tags: masculine Synonyms: lanza
    Sense id: en-chuzo-gl-noun-C2ZvAJuq Categories (other): Galician entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Galician entries with incorrect language header: 43 17 40
  2. spiked stick Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-chuzo-gl-noun-NZra1XjJ Categories (other): Galician entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Galician entries with incorrect language header: 43 17 40
  3. piston of a squirt gun Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-chuzo-gl-noun-JnP4~3-N Categories (other): Galician entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Galician entries with incorrect language header: 43 17 40
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: chuzar

Noun [Spanish]

IPA: /ˈt͡ʃuθo/ [Spain], [ˈt͡ʃu.θo] [Spain], /ˈt͡ʃuso/ [Latin-America, Philippines], [ˈt͡ʃu.so] [Latin-America, Philippines] Forms: chuzos [plural]
Rhymes: -uθo, -uso Etymology: Unknown. Probably a metathetical variant of azuche (“the pointed end of a pole”) from Arabic الزُجّ (az-zujj), but it may be just expressive. Etymology templates: {{unk|es}} Unknown, {{der|es|ar|زج|الزُجّ}} Arabic الزُجّ (az-zujj) Head templates: {{es-noun|m}} chuzo m (plural chuzos)
  1. spiked stick Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-chuzo-es-noun-NZra1XjJ
  2. icicle Tags: masculine Synonyms: carámbano
    Sense id: en-chuzo-es-noun-RqeiVxFo
  3. (Chile) old horse Tags: Chile, masculine
    Sense id: en-chuzo-es-noun-N~Ei~qCq Categories (other): Chilean Spanish
  4. (Chile) idiot; dummy Tags: Chile, masculine
    Sense id: en-chuzo-es-noun-bB7yGhsx Categories (other): Chilean Spanish
  5. (Cuba) whip Tags: Cuba, masculine
    Sense id: en-chuzo-es-noun-6u7vAXDs Categories (other): Cuban Spanish
  6. (Colombia) skewered meat, kebab Tags: Colombia, masculine
    Sense id: en-chuzo-es-noun-8~U-W5DB Categories (other): Colombian Spanish
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: caer chuzos de punta
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Spanish]

IPA: /ˈt͡ʃuθo/ [Spain], [ˈt͡ʃu.θo] [Spain], /ˈt͡ʃuso/ [Latin-America, Philippines], [ˈt͡ʃu.so] [Latin-America, Philippines]
Rhymes: -uθo, -uso Head templates: {{head|es|verb form}} chuzo
  1. first-person singular present indicative of chuzar Tags: first-person, form-of, indicative, present, singular Form of: chuzar
    Sense id: en-chuzo-es-verb-AcX-qgmj Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Spanish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 10 9 7 4 2 5 2 2 20 41 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 7 6 5 3 1 3 1 1 23 50 Disambiguation of Spanish entries with incorrect language header: 3 1 3 1 1 32 60
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "chuzar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gl",
        "2": "es",
        "3": "chuzo"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish chuzo",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Attested since 1707. Probably from Spanish chuzo.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chuzos",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "chuzo m (plural chuzos)",
      "name": "gl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Galician",
  "lang_code": "gl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 17 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "\"Alberte, let's make this clear:\nwe are to blame,\nbecause if we had been armed\nwith goads and spears\nwe would have driven them back\nthere until Judas's house.\"",
          "ref": "1707, Salvador Francisco Roel, Entremés ao real e feliz parto da nosa raíña:",
          "text": "Alberte falemos craros\nnosoutros temos a culpa,\nque se foramos armados\ncon aguilladas e chuzos,\nouberàmos de botalos\nalò para en cas de Iudas.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rustic spear traditionally used to chase wolves"
      ],
      "id": "en-chuzo-gl-noun-C2ZvAJuq",
      "links": [
        [
          "spear",
          "spear"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "lanza"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 17 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spiked stick"
      ],
      "id": "en-chuzo-gl-noun-NZra1XjJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "spiked",
          "spiked"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 17 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "piston of a squirt gun"
      ],
      "id": "en-chuzo-gl-noun-JnP4~3-N",
      "links": [
        [
          "piston",
          "piston"
        ],
        [
          "squirt gun",
          "squirt gun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃu.θʊ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃu.sʊ]",
      "tags": [
        "Western"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chuzo"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "caer chuzos de punta"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "xuixo",
            "3": "xutxo",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: xuixo, xutxo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: xuixo, xutxo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "chuzo",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Galician: chuzo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Galician: chuzo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "chuço",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: chuço",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: chuço"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "زج",
        "4": "الزُجّ"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic الزُجّ (az-zujj)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Probably a metathetical variant of azuche (“the pointed end of a pole”) from Arabic الزُجّ (az-zujj), but it may be just expressive.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chuzos",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "chuzo m (plural chuzos)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "chu‧zo"
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spiked stick"
      ],
      "id": "en-chuzo-es-noun-NZra1XjJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "spiked",
          "spiked"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "icicle"
      ],
      "id": "en-chuzo-es-noun-RqeiVxFo",
      "links": [
        [
          "icicle",
          "icicle"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "carámbano"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chilean Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "old horse"
      ],
      "id": "en-chuzo-es-noun-N~Ei~qCq",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Chile) old horse"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Chile",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chilean Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "idiot; dummy"
      ],
      "id": "en-chuzo-es-noun-bB7yGhsx",
      "links": [
        [
          "idiot",
          "idiot"
        ],
        [
          "dummy",
          "dummy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Chile) idiot; dummy"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Chile",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Cuban Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "whip"
      ],
      "id": "en-chuzo-es-noun-6u7vAXDs",
      "links": [
        [
          "whip",
          "whip"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Cuba) whip"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cuba",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Colombian Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "skewered meat, kebab"
      ],
      "id": "en-chuzo-es-noun-8~U-W5DB",
      "links": [
        [
          "skewer",
          "skewer"
        ],
        [
          "kebab",
          "kebab"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Colombia) skewered meat, kebab"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Colombia",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃuθo/",
      "tags": [
        "Spain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃu.θo]",
      "tags": [
        "Spain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃuso/",
      "tags": [
        "Latin-America",
        "Philippines"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃu.so]",
      "tags": [
        "Latin-America",
        "Philippines"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uθo"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uso"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chuzo"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "chuzo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "chu‧zo"
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 9 7 4 2 5 2 2 20 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 5 3 1 3 1 1 23 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 1 3 1 1 32 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "chuzar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first-person singular present indicative of chuzar"
      ],
      "id": "en-chuzo-es-verb-AcX-qgmj",
      "links": [
        [
          "chuzar",
          "chuzar#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃuθo/",
      "tags": [
        "Spain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃu.θo]",
      "tags": [
        "Spain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃuso/",
      "tags": [
        "Latin-America",
        "Philippines"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃu.so]",
      "tags": [
        "Latin-America",
        "Philippines"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uθo"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uso"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chuzo"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Galician countable nouns",
    "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
    "Galician lemmas",
    "Galician masculine nouns",
    "Galician nouns",
    "Galician terms borrowed from Spanish",
    "Galician terms derived from Spanish",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "chuzar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gl",
        "2": "es",
        "3": "chuzo"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish chuzo",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Attested since 1707. Probably from Spanish chuzo.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chuzos",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "chuzo m (plural chuzos)",
      "name": "gl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Galician",
  "lang_code": "gl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Galician terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "\"Alberte, let's make this clear:\nwe are to blame,\nbecause if we had been armed\nwith goads and spears\nwe would have driven them back\nthere until Judas's house.\"",
          "ref": "1707, Salvador Francisco Roel, Entremés ao real e feliz parto da nosa raíña:",
          "text": "Alberte falemos craros\nnosoutros temos a culpa,\nque se foramos armados\ncon aguilladas e chuzos,\nouberàmos de botalos\nalò para en cas de Iudas.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rustic spear traditionally used to chase wolves"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spear",
          "spear"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "lanza"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spiked stick"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spiked",
          "spiked"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "piston of a squirt gun"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "piston",
          "piston"
        ],
        [
          "squirt gun",
          "squirt gun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃu.θʊ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃu.sʊ]",
      "tags": [
        "Western"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chuzo"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/uso",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/uso/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/uθo",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/uθo/2 syllables",
    "Spanish 2-syllable words",
    "Spanish countable nouns",
    "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Spanish lemmas",
    "Spanish masculine nouns",
    "Spanish non-lemma forms",
    "Spanish nouns",
    "Spanish terms derived from Arabic",
    "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Spanish terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Spanish verb forms"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "caer chuzos de punta"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "xuixo",
            "3": "xutxo",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: xuixo, xutxo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: xuixo, xutxo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "chuzo",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Galician: chuzo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Galician: chuzo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "chuço",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: chuço",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: chuço"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "زج",
        "4": "الزُجّ"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic الزُجّ (az-zujj)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Probably a metathetical variant of azuche (“the pointed end of a pole”) from Arabic الزُجّ (az-zujj), but it may be just expressive.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chuzos",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "chuzo m (plural chuzos)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "chu‧zo"
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spiked stick"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spiked",
          "spiked"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "icicle"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "icicle",
          "icicle"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "carámbano"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chilean Spanish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "old horse"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Chile) old horse"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Chile",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chilean Spanish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "idiot; dummy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "idiot",
          "idiot"
        ],
        [
          "dummy",
          "dummy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Chile) idiot; dummy"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Chile",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cuban Spanish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "whip"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "whip",
          "whip"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Cuba) whip"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cuba",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Colombian Spanish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "skewered meat, kebab"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "skewer",
          "skewer"
        ],
        [
          "kebab",
          "kebab"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Colombia) skewered meat, kebab"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Colombia",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃuθo/",
      "tags": [
        "Spain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃu.θo]",
      "tags": [
        "Spain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃuso/",
      "tags": [
        "Latin-America",
        "Philippines"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃu.so]",
      "tags": [
        "Latin-America",
        "Philippines"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uθo"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uso"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chuzo"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/uso",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/uso/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/uθo",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/uθo/2 syllables",
    "Spanish 2-syllable words",
    "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Spanish non-lemma forms",
    "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Spanish verb forms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "chuzo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "chu‧zo"
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "chuzar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first-person singular present indicative of chuzar"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chuzar",
          "chuzar#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃuθo/",
      "tags": [
        "Spain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃu.θo]",
      "tags": [
        "Spain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃuso/",
      "tags": [
        "Latin-America",
        "Philippines"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃu.so]",
      "tags": [
        "Latin-America",
        "Philippines"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uθo"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uso"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chuzo"
}

Download raw JSONL data for chuzo meaning in All languages combined (5.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.