See chirm on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for chirm meaning in All languages combined (8.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chirmen",
"t": "to chirp, twitter"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chirmen (“to chirp, twitter”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċirman",
"t": "to make a noise, cry out, shout"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċirman (“to make a noise, cry out, shout”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karmijan",
"t": "to make a sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karmijan (“to make a sound”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chirm",
"t": "the call of various birds; chirping"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chirm (“the call of various birds; chirping”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċirm"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċirm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċyrm"
},
"expansion": "ċyrm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċierm",
"t": "noise, cry, alarm"
},
"expansion": "ċierm (“noise, cry, alarm”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*karm"
},
"expansion": "*karm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*karmiz"
},
"expansion": "*karmiz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "charm",
"t1": "sound, voices; group, flock"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of charm (“sound, voices; group, flock”)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chirmen (“to chirp, twitter”), from Old English ċirman (“to make a noise, cry out, shout”), from Proto-West Germanic *karmijan (“to make a sound”).\nThe noun is from Middle English chirm (“the call of various birds; chirping”), from Old English ċirm, ċyrm, ċierm (“noise, cry, alarm”), from Proto-West Germanic *karmi, *karm, from Proto-Germanic *karmaz, *karmiz. Doublet of charm (“sound, voices; group, flock”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chirms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chirm (plural chirms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A din or confused noise, as of many voices, birdsong, etc."
],
"id": "en-chirm-en-noun-oFQkRUzI",
"links": [
[
"din",
"din"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"birdsong",
"birdsong"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɜː(ɹ)m/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)m"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "churm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "churme"
}
],
"word": "chirm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chirmen",
"t": "to chirp, twitter"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chirmen (“to chirp, twitter”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċirman",
"t": "to make a noise, cry out, shout"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċirman (“to make a noise, cry out, shout”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karmijan",
"t": "to make a sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karmijan (“to make a sound”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chirm",
"t": "the call of various birds; chirping"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chirm (“the call of various birds; chirping”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċirm"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċirm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċyrm"
},
"expansion": "ċyrm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċierm",
"t": "noise, cry, alarm"
},
"expansion": "ċierm (“noise, cry, alarm”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*karm"
},
"expansion": "*karm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*karmiz"
},
"expansion": "*karmiz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "charm",
"t1": "sound, voices; group, flock"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of charm (“sound, voices; group, flock”)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chirmen (“to chirp, twitter”), from Old English ċirman (“to make a noise, cry out, shout”), from Proto-West Germanic *karmijan (“to make a sound”).\nThe noun is from Middle English chirm (“the call of various birds; chirping”), from Old English ċirm, ċyrm, ċierm (“noise, cry, alarm”), from Proto-West Germanic *karmi, *karm, from Proto-Germanic *karmaz, *karmiz. Doublet of charm (“sound, voices; group, flock”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chirms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chirming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chirmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chirmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chirm (third-person singular simple present chirms, present participle chirming, simple past and past participle chirmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1552, Richard Huloet, (Please provide the book title or journal name)",
"text": "Chyrme or chur, as byrdes do.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To chirp or to make a mournful cry, as a bird does."
],
"id": "en-chirm-en-verb-ca3XwOJN",
"links": [
[
"chirp",
"chirp"
],
[
"mournful",
"mournful"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To chirp or to make a mournful cry, as a bird does."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɜː(ɹ)m/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)m"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "churm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "churme"
}
],
"word": "chirm"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chirm",
"3": "churm"
},
"expansion": "English: chirm, churm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "charm",
"id": "voices"
},
"expansion": "charm",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "English: chirm, churm; charm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "chirm",
"3": "churme"
},
"expansion": "Scots: chirm, churme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: chirm, churme"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċierm",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English ċierm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċierm"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English ċierm",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karmiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karmiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English ċierm, from Proto-West Germanic *karmi, from Proto-Germanic *karmiz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "chirm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A chirp or tweet; an avian vocalisation."
],
"id": "en-chirm-enm-noun-OY-x0HyZ",
"links": [
[
"chirp",
"chirp"
],
[
"tweet",
"tweet"
],
[
"avian",
"avian"
],
[
"vocalisation",
"vocalisation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A chirp or tweet; an avian vocalisation."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "chirmen"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirme"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃirm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɛrm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃurm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃarm/",
"note": "late"
}
],
"word": "chirm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)m",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)m/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chirmen",
"t": "to chirp, twitter"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chirmen (“to chirp, twitter”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċirman",
"t": "to make a noise, cry out, shout"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċirman (“to make a noise, cry out, shout”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karmijan",
"t": "to make a sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karmijan (“to make a sound”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chirm",
"t": "the call of various birds; chirping"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chirm (“the call of various birds; chirping”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċirm"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċirm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċyrm"
},
"expansion": "ċyrm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċierm",
"t": "noise, cry, alarm"
},
"expansion": "ċierm (“noise, cry, alarm”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*karm"
},
"expansion": "*karm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*karmiz"
},
"expansion": "*karmiz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "charm",
"t1": "sound, voices; group, flock"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of charm (“sound, voices; group, flock”)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chirmen (“to chirp, twitter”), from Old English ċirman (“to make a noise, cry out, shout”), from Proto-West Germanic *karmijan (“to make a sound”).\nThe noun is from Middle English chirm (“the call of various birds; chirping”), from Old English ċirm, ċyrm, ċierm (“noise, cry, alarm”), from Proto-West Germanic *karmi, *karm, from Proto-Germanic *karmaz, *karmiz. Doublet of charm (“sound, voices; group, flock”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chirms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chirm (plural chirms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A din or confused noise, as of many voices, birdsong, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"din",
"din"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"birdsong",
"birdsong"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɜː(ɹ)m/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)m"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "churm"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "churme"
}
],
"word": "chirm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)m",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)m/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chirmen",
"t": "to chirp, twitter"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chirmen (“to chirp, twitter”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċirman",
"t": "to make a noise, cry out, shout"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċirman (“to make a noise, cry out, shout”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karmijan",
"t": "to make a sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karmijan (“to make a sound”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chirm",
"t": "the call of various birds; chirping"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chirm (“the call of various birds; chirping”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċirm"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċirm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċyrm"
},
"expansion": "ċyrm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċierm",
"t": "noise, cry, alarm"
},
"expansion": "ċierm (“noise, cry, alarm”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*karm"
},
"expansion": "*karm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*karmiz"
},
"expansion": "*karmiz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "charm",
"t1": "sound, voices; group, flock"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of charm (“sound, voices; group, flock”)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chirmen (“to chirp, twitter”), from Old English ċirman (“to make a noise, cry out, shout”), from Proto-West Germanic *karmijan (“to make a sound”).\nThe noun is from Middle English chirm (“the call of various birds; chirping”), from Old English ċirm, ċyrm, ċierm (“noise, cry, alarm”), from Proto-West Germanic *karmi, *karm, from Proto-Germanic *karmaz, *karmiz. Doublet of charm (“sound, voices; group, flock”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chirms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chirming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chirmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chirmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chirm (third-person singular simple present chirms, present participle chirming, simple past and past participle chirmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1552, Richard Huloet, (Please provide the book title or journal name)",
"text": "Chyrme or chur, as byrdes do.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To chirp or to make a mournful cry, as a bird does."
],
"links": [
[
"chirp",
"chirp"
],
[
"mournful",
"mournful"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To chirp or to make a mournful cry, as a bird does."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɜː(ɹ)m/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)m"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "churm"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "churme"
}
],
"word": "chirm"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chirm",
"3": "churm"
},
"expansion": "English: chirm, churm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "charm",
"id": "voices"
},
"expansion": "charm",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "English: chirm, churm; charm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "chirm",
"3": "churme"
},
"expansion": "Scots: chirm, churme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: chirm, churme"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċierm",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English ċierm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċierm"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English ċierm",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karmiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karmiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English ċierm, from Proto-West Germanic *karmi, from Proto-Germanic *karmiz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "chirm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chirmen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English rare terms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Animal sounds"
],
"glosses": [
"A chirp or tweet; an avian vocalisation."
],
"links": [
[
"chirp",
"chirp"
],
[
"tweet",
"tweet"
],
[
"avian",
"avian"
],
[
"vocalisation",
"vocalisation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A chirp or tweet; an avian vocalisation."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃirm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɛrm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃurm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃarm/",
"note": "late"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirme"
}
],
"word": "chirm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.