See cauna on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*kyau-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *kyau-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱew-, *kew-",
"t": "to shine; light; bright"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱew-, *kew- (“to shine; light; bright”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kiáunė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kiáunė",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "caune",
"tr": "kaune"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian caune ([kaune])",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "caune"
},
"expansion": "Latvian caune",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kuna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kuna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "куни́ца"
},
"expansion": "Russian куни́ца (kuníca)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kuna"
},
"expansion": "Czech kuna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *kyau-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱew-, *kew- (“to shine; light; bright”), with an added suffix *-no. Cognates include Lithuanian kiáunė, dialectal kiaunė̃, Old Prussian caune ([kaune]) (compare dialectal Latvian caune), Proto-Slavic *kuna (Russian куни́ца (kuníca), dialectal куна́ (kuná), Czech kuna).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4th declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cauna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caunas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caunas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caunas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caunai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caunām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caunām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caunā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caunās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cauna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caunas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cauna f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "4th"
},
"expansion": "cauna f (4th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caun",
"2": "a",
"3": "4th"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "caun",
"2": "a",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cauna",
"10": "caunām",
"11": "caunā",
"12": "caunās",
"13": "cauna",
"14": "caunas",
"16": "",
"2": "caunas",
"3": "caunu",
"4": "caunas",
"5": "caunas",
"6": "caunu",
"7": "caunai",
"8": "caunām",
"9": "caunu",
"type": "4th declension",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "lv:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Mustelids",
"orig": "lv:Mustelids",
"parents": [
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "caunāda"
},
{
"word": "caunas āda"
},
{
"word": "Sibīrijas cauna"
},
{
"word": "Japānas cauna"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "forest marten",
"text": "meža cauna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to hunt marten",
"text": "medīt caunas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "marten fur",
"text": "caunu kažoks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "marten (fur) hat",
"text": "caunu cepure",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "birds in winter easily become prey to hawks, martens, ermines and foxes",
"text": "putni ziemā viegli kļūst par laupījumu vanagam, caunai, sermulim un lapsai",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marten (several species of mustelids of genus Martes)"
],
"id": "en-cauna-lv-noun-l5tsbQib",
"links": [
[
"marten",
"marten"
],
[
"several",
"several#English"
],
[
"species",
"species#English"
],
[
"mustelid",
"mustelid#English"
],
[
"genus",
"genus#English"
],
[
"Martes",
"Martes#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "caune"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:Caunas"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tsaûna]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-cauna.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/Lv-riga-cauna.ogg/Lv-riga-cauna.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Lv-riga-cauna.ogg"
}
],
"word": "cauna"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "caunas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cauna f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cauna f (plural caunas)",
"name": "oc-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a cavern, cave, grotto"
],
"id": "en-cauna-oc-noun-ZNXc2-4e",
"links": [
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-cauna.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-cauna.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-cauna.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-cauna.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-cauna.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "cauna"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "caunāda"
},
{
"word": "caunas āda"
},
{
"word": "Sibīrijas cauna"
},
{
"word": "Japānas cauna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*kyau-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *kyau-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱew-, *kew-",
"t": "to shine; light; bright"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱew-, *kew- (“to shine; light; bright”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kiáunė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kiáunė",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "caune",
"tr": "kaune"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian caune ([kaune])",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "caune"
},
"expansion": "Latvian caune",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kuna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kuna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "куни́ца"
},
"expansion": "Russian куни́ца (kuníca)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kuna"
},
"expansion": "Czech kuna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *kyau-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱew-, *kew- (“to shine; light; bright”), with an added suffix *-no. Cognates include Lithuanian kiáunė, dialectal kiaunė̃, Old Prussian caune ([kaune]) (compare dialectal Latvian caune), Proto-Slavic *kuna (Russian куни́ца (kuníca), dialectal куна́ (kuná), Czech kuna).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4th declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cauna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caunas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caunas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caunas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caunai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caunām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caunām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caunā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caunās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cauna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caunas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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{
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"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cauna f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "4th"
},
"expansion": "cauna f (4th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "caun",
"2": "a",
"3": "4th"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "caun",
"2": "a",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cauna",
"10": "caunām",
"11": "caunā",
"12": "caunās",
"13": "cauna",
"14": "caunas",
"16": "",
"2": "caunas",
"3": "caunu",
"4": "caunas",
"5": "caunas",
"6": "caunu",
"7": "caunai",
"8": "caunām",
"9": "caunu",
"type": "4th declension",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian feminine nouns",
"Latvian fourth declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms with usage examples",
"Latvian words with broken intonation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Mammals",
"lv:Mustelids"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "forest marten",
"text": "meža cauna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to hunt marten",
"text": "medīt caunas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "marten fur",
"text": "caunu kažoks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "marten (fur) hat",
"text": "caunu cepure",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "birds in winter easily become prey to hawks, martens, ermines and foxes",
"text": "putni ziemā viegli kļūst par laupījumu vanagam, caunai, sermulim un lapsai",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marten (several species of mustelids of genus Martes)"
],
"links": [
[
"marten",
"marten"
],
[
"several",
"several#English"
],
[
"species",
"species#English"
],
[
"mustelid",
"mustelid#English"
],
[
"genus",
"genus#English"
],
[
"Martes",
"Martes#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:Caunas"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tsaûna]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-cauna.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/Lv-riga-cauna.ogg/Lv-riga-cauna.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Lv-riga-cauna.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "caune"
}
],
"word": "cauna"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "caunas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cauna f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cauna f (plural caunas)",
"name": "oc-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Occitan countable nouns",
"Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"Occitan feminine nouns",
"Occitan lemmas",
"Occitan nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"a cavern, cave, grotto"
],
"links": [
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-cauna.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-cauna.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-cauna.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-cauna.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-cauna.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "cauna"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cauna meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.