"burkāns" meaning in All languages combined

See burkāns on Wiktionary

Noun [Latvian]

IPA: [būɾkāːns] Audio: lv-riga-burkāns.ogg
Etymology: The word is first mentioned in Latvian in 17th-century dictionaries. It is a heavily discussed word spread around Baltic Sea, up to Russian бурка́н (burkán), борка́н (borkán) and Finnish porkkana, Estonian porgand, Livonian borkõn, borkõnz, borkkiņ, the immediate sources of which are unknown but are sought in any of the neighbouring Indo-European languages. Possible scenarios: * It is a borrowing from Baltic German Burkane, from Middle Low German, itself ** from Old Frisian bure, burre (“conic root; top of a stake, pile (in the ground)”) + a diminutive suffix -ken, -kan (cf. the Old Frisian reduced form burke (“little root”)). But it is dubious that the diminutive suffix would get a long vowel and even become stressed. In turn it is tempting to assume in this constellation that the German is from Latvian. One needs to ask why this word has prominence only in the extreme fringes of the German and Russian language areas respectively. ** from Burgundian rule over the Netherlands, hence the word would just reflected the country name Burgundy. This is backed by the observation of the carrot plant’s spread in the Late Middle Ages from the Mediterranean over Middle Europe to Northeast Europe. But the transmitting forms of Low German and Dutch dialects are in question. * It is from a Proto-Indo-European *br̥k, *mr̥k with reflexes in Lithuanian burkūnas, burkañtas, Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana), Russian борка́н, бурка́н (borkán, burkán) on the one hand and Proto-Slavic *mъrky and Proto-Germanic *murhǭ on the other. * It is from a non-Indo-European substrate language which had an alternation that explains the anlaut variation between the voiced bilabial plosive and the voiced bilabial nasal of the aforementioned words. Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana, “wild vegetables”) is a random correspondence if not remotely related via the source language of this word. * The Baltic words are possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate language and German and Russian derive from Latvian. Proto-Slavic *mъrky and Proto-Germanic *murhǭ are random correspondences, possibly from an unrelated substrate. Etymology templates: {{unk|lv|title=discussed}} discussed, {{cog|ru|бурка́н}} Russian бурка́н (burkán), {{m|ru|борка́н}} борка́н (borkán), {{cog|fi|porkkana}} Finnish porkkana, {{cog|et|porgand}} Estonian porgand, {{cog|liv|borkõn}} Livonian borkõn, {{m|liv|borkõnz}} borkõnz, {{m|liv|borkkiņ}} borkkiņ, {{bor|lv|de|Burkane}} German Burkane, {{der|lv|gml|-}} Middle Low German, {{der|lv|ofs|bure}} Old Frisian bure, {{m|ofs|burre|t=conic root; top of a stake, pile (in the ground)}} burre (“conic root; top of a stake, pile (in the ground)”), {{m|ofs|burke|t=little root}} burke (“little root”), {{der|lv|ine-pro|*br̥k}} Proto-Indo-European *br̥k, {{m|ine-pro|*mr̥k}} *mr̥k, {{cog|lt|burkūnas}} Lithuanian burkūnas, {{m|lt|burkañtas}} burkañtas, {{cog|grc|βράκανα}} Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana), {{cog|ru|борка́н, бурка́н}} Russian борка́н, бурка́н (borkán, burkán), {{cog|sla-pro|*mъrky}} Proto-Slavic *mъrky, {{cog|gem-pro|*murhǭ}} Proto-Germanic *murhǭ, {{der|lv|qfa-sub}} substrate, {{cog|grc|βράκανα|t=wild vegetables}} Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana, “wild vegetables”), {{der|lv|qfa-sub}} substrate, {{cog|sla-pro|*mъrky}} Proto-Slavic *mъrky, {{cog|gem-pro|*murhǭ}} Proto-Germanic *murhǭ Head templates: {{head|lv|noun|g=m|g2=|head=|sort=}} burkāns m, {{lv-noun|m|1st}} burkāns m (1st declension) Inflection templates: {{lv-decl-noun|burkān|s|1st|extrawidth=-60}}, {{lv-decl-noun-1|burkān|s|4=|5=|6=|7=|8=|drop-v=|keep-s=|x=-60}}, {{lv-decl-noun-table|burkāns|burkāni|burkānu|burkānus|burkāna|burkānu|burkānam|burkāniem|burkānu|burkāniem|burkānā|burkānos|burkān|burkāni|type=1st declension|x=-60}} Forms: declension-1 [table-tags], burkāns [nominative, singular], burkāni [nominative, plural], burkānu [accusative, singular], burkānus [accusative, plural], burkāna [genitive, singular], burkānu [genitive, plural], burkānam [dative, singular], burkāniem [dative, plural], burkānu [instrumental, singular], burkāniem [instrumental, plural], burkānā [locative, singular], burkānos [locative, plural], burkān [singular, vocative], burkāni [plural, vocative]
  1. carrot (a plant with a large edible root, often orange in colour, esp. Daucus carota) Tags: declension-1, masculine Categories (lifeform): Celery family plants, Vegetables
    Sense id: en-burkāns-lv-noun-F1NbPxjV Disambiguation of Celery family plants: 49 51 Disambiguation of Vegetables: 46 54 Categories (other): Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian words with level intonation Disambiguation of Latvian entries with incorrect language header: 58 42 Disambiguation of Latvian words with level intonation: 52 48
  2. carrot (the edible root of that plant, often orange in colour and used as a vegetable) Tags: declension-1, masculine Categories (lifeform): Celery family plants, Vegetables
    Sense id: en-burkāns-lv-noun-HMIljsCB Disambiguation of Celery family plants: 49 51 Disambiguation of Vegetables: 46 54 Categories (other): Latvian words with level intonation Disambiguation of Latvian words with level intonation: 52 48

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for burkāns meaning in All languages combined (10.9kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "title": "discussed"
      },
      "expansion": "discussed",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "бурка́н"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian бурка́н (burkán)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "борка́н"
      },
      "expansion": "борка́н (borkán)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "porkkana"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish porkkana",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "porgand"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian porgand",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "borkõn"
      },
      "expansion": "Livonian borkõn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "borkõnz"
      },
      "expansion": "borkõnz",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "borkkiņ"
      },
      "expansion": "borkkiņ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Burkane"
      },
      "expansion": "German Burkane",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ofs",
        "3": "bure"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian bure",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "burre",
        "t": "conic root; top of a stake, pile (in the ground)"
      },
      "expansion": "burre (“conic root; top of a stake, pile (in the ground)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "burke",
        "t": "little root"
      },
      "expansion": "burke (“little root”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*br̥k"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *br̥k",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mr̥k"
      },
      "expansion": "*mr̥k",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "burkūnas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian burkūnas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "burkañtas"
      },
      "expansion": "burkañtas",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βράκανα"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "борка́н, бурка́н"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian борка́н, бурка́н (borkán, burkán)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*mъrky"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mъrky",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*murhǭ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *murhǭ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βράκανα",
        "t": "wild vegetables"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana, “wild vegetables”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*mъrky"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mъrky",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*murhǭ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *murhǭ",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The word is first mentioned in Latvian in 17th-century dictionaries. It is a heavily discussed word spread around Baltic Sea, up to Russian бурка́н (burkán), борка́н (borkán) and Finnish porkkana, Estonian porgand, Livonian borkõn, borkõnz, borkkiņ, the immediate sources of which are unknown but are sought in any of the neighbouring Indo-European languages. Possible scenarios:\n* It is a borrowing from Baltic German Burkane, from Middle Low German, itself\n** from Old Frisian bure, burre (“conic root; top of a stake, pile (in the ground)”) + a diminutive suffix -ken, -kan (cf. the Old Frisian reduced form burke (“little root”)). But it is dubious that the diminutive suffix would get a long vowel and even become stressed. In turn it is tempting to assume in this constellation that the German is from Latvian. One needs to ask why this word has prominence only in the extreme fringes of the German and Russian language areas respectively.\n** from Burgundian rule over the Netherlands, hence the word would just reflected the country name Burgundy. This is backed by the observation of the carrot plant’s spread in the Late Middle Ages from the Mediterranean over Middle Europe to Northeast Europe. But the transmitting forms of Low German and Dutch dialects are in question.\n* It is from a Proto-Indo-European *br̥k, *mr̥k with reflexes in Lithuanian burkūnas, burkañtas, Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana), Russian борка́н, бурка́н (borkán, burkán) on the one hand and Proto-Slavic *mъrky and Proto-Germanic *murhǭ on the other.\n* It is from a non-Indo-European substrate language which had an alternation that explains the anlaut variation between the voiced bilabial plosive and the voiced bilabial nasal of the aforementioned words. Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana, “wild vegetables”) is a random correspondence if not remotely related via the source language of this word.\n* The Baltic words are possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate language and German and Russian derive from Latvian. Proto-Slavic *mъrky and Proto-Germanic *murhǭ are random correspondences, possibly from an unrelated substrate.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1st declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkāns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkāna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkāniem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkāniem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "burkāns m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "1st"
      },
      "expansion": "burkāns m (1st declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "burkān",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "1st",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "burkān",
        "2": "s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "burkāns",
        "10": "burkāniem",
        "11": "burkānā",
        "12": "burkānos",
        "13": "burkān",
        "14": "burkāni",
        "2": "burkāni",
        "3": "burkānu",
        "4": "burkānus",
        "5": "burkāna",
        "6": "burkānu",
        "7": "burkānam",
        "8": "burkāniem",
        "9": "burkānu",
        "type": "1st declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "58 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Celery family plants",
          "orig": "lv:Celery family plants",
          "parents": [
            "Apiales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Spices and herbs",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Foods",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Vegetables",
          "orig": "lv:Vegetables",
          "parents": [
            "Foods",
            "Plants",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "common (lit. table) carrot",
          "text": "galda burkāns",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "forrage carrot",
          "text": "lopbarības burkāns",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "carrot furrow",
          "text": "burkānu vaga",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "carrot field",
          "text": "burkānu lauks",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to weed carrots",
          "text": "ravēt burkānus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "carrot pests",
          "text": "burkānu kaitēkļi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "by crossing wild carrots the field carrot was grown",
          "text": "no savvaļas burkāna krustojot izaudzēts lauku burkāns",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "carrot (a plant with a large edible root, often orange in colour, esp. Daucus carota)"
      ],
      "id": "en-burkāns-lv-noun-F1NbPxjV",
      "links": [
        [
          "carrot",
          "carrot"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant#English"
        ],
        [
          "large",
          "large#English"
        ],
        [
          "edible",
          "edible#English"
        ],
        [
          "root",
          "root#English"
        ],
        [
          "orange",
          "orange#English"
        ],
        [
          "Daucus carota",
          "Daucus carota#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Celery family plants",
          "orig": "lv:Celery family plants",
          "parents": [
            "Apiales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Spices and herbs",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Foods",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Vegetables",
          "orig": "lv:Vegetables",
          "parents": [
            "Foods",
            "Plants",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to drink carrot juice",
          "text": "dzert burkānu sulu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "carrot salad",
          "text": "burkānu salāti",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to clean carrots",
          "text": "tīrīt burkānus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "in the cellars one stores potatoes, carrots, beets and other roots",
          "text": "pagrabos glabā kartupeļus, burkānus, bietes un citas saknes",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Tenis again blushed like a carrot",
          "text": "Tenis atkal piesarka kā burkāns",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "carrot (the edible root of that plant, often orange in colour and used as a vegetable)"
      ],
      "id": "en-burkāns-lv-noun-HMIljsCB",
      "links": [
        [
          "carrot",
          "carrot"
        ],
        [
          "edible",
          "edible#English"
        ],
        [
          "root",
          "root#English"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant#English"
        ],
        [
          "orange",
          "orange#English"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use#English"
        ],
        [
          "vegetable",
          "vegetable#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[būɾkāːns]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "lv-riga-burkāns.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/Lv-riga-burk%C4%81ns.ogg/Lv-riga-burk%C4%81ns.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Lv-riga-burk%C4%81ns.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "burkāns"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian first declension nouns",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian masculine nouns",
    "Latvian nouns",
    "Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latvian terms with audio links",
    "Latvian terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Latvian words with level intonation",
    "lv:Celery family plants",
    "lv:Vegetables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "title": "discussed"
      },
      "expansion": "discussed",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "бурка́н"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian бурка́н (burkán)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "борка́н"
      },
      "expansion": "борка́н (borkán)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "porkkana"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish porkkana",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "porgand"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian porgand",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "borkõn"
      },
      "expansion": "Livonian borkõn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "borkõnz"
      },
      "expansion": "borkõnz",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "borkkiņ"
      },
      "expansion": "borkkiņ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Burkane"
      },
      "expansion": "German Burkane",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ofs",
        "3": "bure"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian bure",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "burre",
        "t": "conic root; top of a stake, pile (in the ground)"
      },
      "expansion": "burre (“conic root; top of a stake, pile (in the ground)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "burke",
        "t": "little root"
      },
      "expansion": "burke (“little root”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*br̥k"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *br̥k",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mr̥k"
      },
      "expansion": "*mr̥k",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "burkūnas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian burkūnas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "burkañtas"
      },
      "expansion": "burkañtas",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βράκανα"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "борка́н, бурка́н"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian борка́н, бурка́н (borkán, burkán)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*mъrky"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mъrky",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*murhǭ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *murhǭ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βράκανα",
        "t": "wild vegetables"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana, “wild vegetables”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*mъrky"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mъrky",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*murhǭ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *murhǭ",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The word is first mentioned in Latvian in 17th-century dictionaries. It is a heavily discussed word spread around Baltic Sea, up to Russian бурка́н (burkán), борка́н (borkán) and Finnish porkkana, Estonian porgand, Livonian borkõn, borkõnz, borkkiņ, the immediate sources of which are unknown but are sought in any of the neighbouring Indo-European languages. Possible scenarios:\n* It is a borrowing from Baltic German Burkane, from Middle Low German, itself\n** from Old Frisian bure, burre (“conic root; top of a stake, pile (in the ground)”) + a diminutive suffix -ken, -kan (cf. the Old Frisian reduced form burke (“little root”)). But it is dubious that the diminutive suffix would get a long vowel and even become stressed. In turn it is tempting to assume in this constellation that the German is from Latvian. One needs to ask why this word has prominence only in the extreme fringes of the German and Russian language areas respectively.\n** from Burgundian rule over the Netherlands, hence the word would just reflected the country name Burgundy. This is backed by the observation of the carrot plant’s spread in the Late Middle Ages from the Mediterranean over Middle Europe to Northeast Europe. But the transmitting forms of Low German and Dutch dialects are in question.\n* It is from a Proto-Indo-European *br̥k, *mr̥k with reflexes in Lithuanian burkūnas, burkañtas, Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana), Russian борка́н, бурка́н (borkán, burkán) on the one hand and Proto-Slavic *mъrky and Proto-Germanic *murhǭ on the other.\n* It is from a non-Indo-European substrate language which had an alternation that explains the anlaut variation between the voiced bilabial plosive and the voiced bilabial nasal of the aforementioned words. Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana, “wild vegetables”) is a random correspondence if not remotely related via the source language of this word.\n* The Baltic words are possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate language and German and Russian derive from Latvian. Proto-Slavic *mъrky and Proto-Germanic *murhǭ are random correspondences, possibly from an unrelated substrate.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1st declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkāns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkāna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkāniem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkāniem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkānos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burkāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "burkāns m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "1st"
      },
      "expansion": "burkāns m (1st declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "burkān",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "1st",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "burkān",
        "2": "s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "burkāns",
        "10": "burkāniem",
        "11": "burkānā",
        "12": "burkānos",
        "13": "burkān",
        "14": "burkāni",
        "2": "burkāni",
        "3": "burkānu",
        "4": "burkānus",
        "5": "burkāna",
        "6": "burkānu",
        "7": "burkānam",
        "8": "burkāniem",
        "9": "burkānu",
        "type": "1st declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "common (lit. table) carrot",
          "text": "galda burkāns",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "forrage carrot",
          "text": "lopbarības burkāns",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "carrot furrow",
          "text": "burkānu vaga",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "carrot field",
          "text": "burkānu lauks",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to weed carrots",
          "text": "ravēt burkānus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "carrot pests",
          "text": "burkānu kaitēkļi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "by crossing wild carrots the field carrot was grown",
          "text": "no savvaļas burkāna krustojot izaudzēts lauku burkāns",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "carrot (a plant with a large edible root, often orange in colour, esp. Daucus carota)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "carrot",
          "carrot"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant#English"
        ],
        [
          "large",
          "large#English"
        ],
        [
          "edible",
          "edible#English"
        ],
        [
          "root",
          "root#English"
        ],
        [
          "orange",
          "orange#English"
        ],
        [
          "Daucus carota",
          "Daucus carota#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to drink carrot juice",
          "text": "dzert burkānu sulu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "carrot salad",
          "text": "burkānu salāti",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to clean carrots",
          "text": "tīrīt burkānus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "in the cellars one stores potatoes, carrots, beets and other roots",
          "text": "pagrabos glabā kartupeļus, burkānus, bietes un citas saknes",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Tenis again blushed like a carrot",
          "text": "Tenis atkal piesarka kā burkāns",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "carrot (the edible root of that plant, often orange in colour and used as a vegetable)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "carrot",
          "carrot"
        ],
        [
          "edible",
          "edible#English"
        ],
        [
          "root",
          "root#English"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant#English"
        ],
        [
          "orange",
          "orange#English"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use#English"
        ],
        [
          "vegetable",
          "vegetable#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[būɾkāːns]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "lv-riga-burkāns.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/Lv-riga-burk%C4%81ns.ogg/Lv-riga-burk%C4%81ns.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Lv-riga-burk%C4%81ns.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "burkāns"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (8203a16 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.