See burgh on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for burgh meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Blythburgh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "burgh of barony"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "burgh of regality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Edinburgh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "parliamentary burgh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "police burgh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "royal burgh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "borwe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English borwe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "borgh"
},
"expansion": "borgh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "burgh"
},
"expansion": "burgh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "buruh"
},
"expansion": "buruh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "burh"
},
"expansion": "Old English burh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*burg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *burg",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgz",
"4": "",
"5": "city, stronghold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“city, stronghold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "burg"
},
"expansion": "Dutch burg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bourg"
},
"expansion": "French bourg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Burg"
},
"expansion": "German Burg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "برج",
"3": "",
"4": "tower; battlement, fort",
"tr": "borj"
},
"expansion": "Persian برج (borj, “tower; battlement, fort”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "borg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish borg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "borough",
"3": "Brough",
"4": "Bury"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of borough, Brough, and Bury",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English borwe, borgh, burgh, buruh, from Old English burh, from Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“city, stronghold”).\nCognate with Dutch burg, French bourg, German Burg, Persian برج (borj, “tower; battlement, fort”), Swedish borg. Doublet of borough, Brough, and Bury.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "burghs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "burgh (plural burghs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sussex English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Scotland",
"orig": "en:Scotland",
"parents": [
"United Kingdom",
"British Isles",
"Europe",
"Islands",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a small mound, often used in reference to tumuli (mostly restricted to place names)."
],
"id": "en-burgh-en-noun-CtGQ8SBA",
"links": [
[
"mound",
"mound"
],
[
"tumuli",
"tumulus"
]
],
"qualifier": "Sussex",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Sussex) a small mound, often used in reference to tumuli (mostly restricted to place names)."
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Administrative divisions",
"orig": "en:Administrative divisions",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Scotland",
"orig": "en:Scotland",
"parents": [
"United Kingdom",
"British Isles",
"Europe",
"Islands",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1815, William Wordsworth, The Excursion, Book Eighth, The Parsonage, lines 95-104, http://www.bartleby.com/145/ww405.html\nWith fruitless pains / Might one like me 'now' visit many a tract / Which, in his youth, he trod, and trod again, / A lone pedestrian with a scanty freight, / Wished-for, or welcome, wheresoe'er he came— / Among the tenantry of thorpe and vill; / Or straggling burgh, of ancient charter proud, / And dignified by battlements and towers / Of some stern castle, mouldering on the brow / Of a green hill or bank of rugged stream."
},
{
"ref": "1953, C. S. Lewis, chapter 6, in The Silver Chair, Collins, published 1998",
"text": "This road leads to the burgh and castle of Harfang, where dwell the gentle giants.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a borough or chartered town (now only used as an official subdivision in Scotland)."
],
"id": "en-burgh-en-noun-ulo0sO2q",
"links": [
[
"borough",
"borough"
],
[
"Scotland",
"Scotland"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK) a borough or chartered town (now only used as an official subdivision in Scotland)."
],
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "borough or chartered town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochorp"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "borough or chartered town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borgh"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "borough or chartered town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baile"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɹə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"homophone": "borough"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɹə"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɝɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "berg"
},
{
"homophone": "burg"
},
{
"rhymes": "(one pronunciation) -ɜː(ɹ)ɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-burgh.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-burgh.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-burgh.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-burgh.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-burgh.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-berg.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berg.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berg.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berg.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berg.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "burgh"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)ɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)ɡ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɹə",
"en:Administrative divisions",
"en:Scotland"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Blythburgh"
},
{
"word": "burgh of barony"
},
{
"word": "burgh of regality"
},
{
"word": "Edinburgh"
},
{
"word": "parliamentary burgh"
},
{
"word": "police burgh"
},
{
"word": "royal burgh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "borwe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English borwe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "borgh"
},
"expansion": "borgh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "burgh"
},
"expansion": "burgh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "buruh"
},
"expansion": "buruh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "burh"
},
"expansion": "Old English burh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*burg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *burg",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgz",
"4": "",
"5": "city, stronghold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“city, stronghold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "burg"
},
"expansion": "Dutch burg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bourg"
},
"expansion": "French bourg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Burg"
},
"expansion": "German Burg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "برج",
"3": "",
"4": "tower; battlement, fort",
"tr": "borj"
},
"expansion": "Persian برج (borj, “tower; battlement, fort”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "borg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish borg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "borough",
"3": "Brough",
"4": "Bury"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of borough, Brough, and Bury",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English borwe, borgh, burgh, buruh, from Old English burh, from Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“city, stronghold”).\nCognate with Dutch burg, French bourg, German Burg, Persian برج (borj, “tower; battlement, fort”), Swedish borg. Doublet of borough, Brough, and Bury.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "burghs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "burgh (plural burghs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Sussex English"
],
"glosses": [
"a small mound, often used in reference to tumuli (mostly restricted to place names)."
],
"links": [
[
"mound",
"mound"
],
[
"tumuli",
"tumulus"
]
],
"qualifier": "Sussex",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Sussex) a small mound, often used in reference to tumuli (mostly restricted to place names)."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1815, William Wordsworth, The Excursion, Book Eighth, The Parsonage, lines 95-104, http://www.bartleby.com/145/ww405.html\nWith fruitless pains / Might one like me 'now' visit many a tract / Which, in his youth, he trod, and trod again, / A lone pedestrian with a scanty freight, / Wished-for, or welcome, wheresoe'er he came— / Among the tenantry of thorpe and vill; / Or straggling burgh, of ancient charter proud, / And dignified by battlements and towers / Of some stern castle, mouldering on the brow / Of a green hill or bank of rugged stream."
},
{
"ref": "1953, C. S. Lewis, chapter 6, in The Silver Chair, Collins, published 1998",
"text": "This road leads to the burgh and castle of Harfang, where dwell the gentle giants.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a borough or chartered town (now only used as an official subdivision in Scotland)."
],
"links": [
[
"borough",
"borough"
],
[
"Scotland",
"Scotland"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK) a borough or chartered town (now only used as an official subdivision in Scotland)."
],
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɹə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"homophone": "borough"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɹə"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɝɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "berg"
},
{
"homophone": "burg"
},
{
"rhymes": "(one pronunciation) -ɜː(ɹ)ɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-burgh.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-burgh.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-burgh.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-burgh.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-burgh.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-berg.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berg.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berg.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berg.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berg.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "borough or chartered town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochorp"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "borough or chartered town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borgh"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "borough or chartered town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baile"
}
],
"word": "burgh"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.