"bittjan" meaning in All languages combined

See bittjan on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-West Germanic]

Etymology: Uncertain, but likely from *biti (“bite”) + *-jan, with the semantic development: "to bite" > "to grind one's teeth" > "to moan". Etymology templates: {{root|gmw-pro|ine-pro|*bʰeyd-}}, {{unc|gmw-pro}} Uncertain, {{suffix|gmw-pro|*biti|*-jan|id2=denominative|t1=bite}} *biti (“bite”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *bittjan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], bittjan [class-1, infinitive, weak], bittjannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], bittjannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], bittjannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], bittju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], bittā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], bitisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], bittēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], bittōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], bitiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], bittē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], bittā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], bittjum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], bittum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], bitiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], bittud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], bittjanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], bittun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], bittjē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], bittī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], bittjēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], bittī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], bittjē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], bittī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], bittjēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], bittīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], bittjēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], bittīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], bittjēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], bittīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], biti [class-1, present, singular, weak], bitiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], bittjandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], bitt [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to grind Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-bittjan-gmw-pro-verb-Z7eRVPPd
  2. to moan, rumble, chatter, rant Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-bittjan-gmw-pro-verb-0rdGzUtI Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative) Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 16 84 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative): 12 88
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: bītan, bitōn

Download JSON data for bittjan meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*bittan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *bittan\nMiddle English: bitten, bytten (variant of Middle English biten (“to bite”))",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *bittan\nMiddle English: bitten, bytten (variant of Middle English biten (“to bite”))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "bitten"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: bitten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: bitten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "bizzen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: bizzen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: bizzen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*biti",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "bite"
      },
      "expansion": "*biti (“bite”) + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain, but likely from *biti (“bite”) + *-jan, with the semantic development: \"to bite\" > \"to grind one's teeth\" > \"to moan\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bitisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bitiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bitiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bitiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bitt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*bittjan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bittjan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bītan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bitōn"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to grind"
      ],
      "id": "en-bittjan-gmw-pro-verb-Z7eRVPPd",
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to moan, rumble, chatter, rant"
      ],
      "id": "en-bittjan-gmw-pro-verb-0rdGzUtI",
      "links": [
        [
          "moan",
          "moan"
        ],
        [
          "rumble",
          "rumble"
        ],
        [
          "chatter",
          "chatter"
        ],
        [
          "rant",
          "rant"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bittjan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyd-",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*bittan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *bittan\nMiddle English: bitten, bytten (variant of Middle English biten (“to bite”))",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *bittan\nMiddle English: bitten, bytten (variant of Middle English biten (“to bite”))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "bitten"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: bitten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: bitten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "bizzen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: bizzen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: bizzen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*biti",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "bite"
      },
      "expansion": "*biti (“bite”) + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain, but likely from *biti (“bite”) + *-jan, with the semantic development: \"to bite\" > \"to grind one's teeth\" > \"to moan\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bitisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bitiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bitiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bitiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bittjandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bitt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*bittjan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bittjan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bītan"
    },
    {
      "word": "bitōn"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to grind"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "gmw-pro:Sound",
        "gmw-pro:Talking",
        "gmw-pro:Vocalizations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to moan, rumble, chatter, rant"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "moan",
          "moan"
        ],
        [
          "rumble",
          "rumble"
        ],
        [
          "chatter",
          "chatter"
        ],
        [
          "rant",
          "rant"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bittjan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.