See besmō on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "besma"
},
"expansion": "Old English: besma, besema\nMiddle English: besme, beseme, besome, bisme, besm, besom, besowme, besum, besume, besumme, bysme (Late Middle English)\nEnglish: besom\nScots: besom, bisom",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: besma, besema\nMiddle English: besme, beseme, besome, bisme, besm, besom, besowme, besum, besume, besumme, bysme (Late Middle English)\nEnglish: besom\nScots: besom, bisom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "besma"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: besma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: besma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Bäisem"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Bäisem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Bäisem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "biezem",
"3": "biezzem"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: biezem, biezzem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: biezem, biezzem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "besmo"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: besmo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: besmo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bessem",
"3": "besseme",
"4": "besme",
"5": "bessen",
"6": "bēsem",
"7": "bēseme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: bessem, besseme, besme, bessen, bēsem, bēseme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: bessem, besseme, besme, bessen, bēsem, bēseme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Besem",
"3": "Bessem",
"4": "Bessen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Besem, Bessem, Bessen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Besem, Bessem, Bessen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "bessem"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon: bessem",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Achterhoeks",
"2": "Drents",
"3": "Stellingwerfs",
"4": "Twents"
},
"expansion": "(Achterhoeks, Drents, Stellingwerfs, Twents)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Drents"
},
"expansion": "(Drents)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Dutch Low Saxon: bessem (Achterhoeks, Drents, Stellingwerfs, Twents), bessen (Drents)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "Bassem"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: Bassem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: Bassem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*besemo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *besemo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *besemo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "besem",
"3": "bessem",
"4": "besme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: besem, bessem, besme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: besem, bessem, besme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bezem"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: bezem, bessem (dialectal)\nAfrikaans: besem\nBerbice Creole Dutch: besn, besum",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: bezem, bessem (dialectal)\nAfrikaans: besem\nBerbice Creole Dutch: besn, besum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "besamo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: besamo, besemo, besmo, pesamo\nMiddle High German: bëseme, bësme\nGerman: Besen\nLuxembourgish: Biesem\nYiddish: בעזעם (bezem)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: besamo, besemo, besmo, pesamo\nMiddle High German: bëseme, bësme\nGerman: Besen\nLuxembourgish: Biesem\nYiddish: בעזעם (bezem)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*besmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *besmô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰés-mō ~ *bʰs-m̥nés"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰés-mō ~ *bʰs-m̥nés",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰes-",
"3": "*mō",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to rub, grind"
},
"expansion": "*bʰes- (“to rub, grind”) + *-mō",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ψάω",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ψάω (psáō, “to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्साति",
"t": "to chew"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit प्साति (psāti, “to chew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰéys-mō ~ *bʰis-m̥nés"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰéys-mō ~ *bʰis-m̥nés",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰeydʰ-",
"3": "*mō",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to split"
},
"expansion": "*bʰeydʰ- (“to split”) + *-mō",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; possibly from Proto-Germanic *besmô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰés-mō ~ *bʰs-m̥nés, from *bʰes- (“to rub, grind”) + *-mō, whence Ancient Greek ψάω (psáō, “to rub”), Sanskrit प्साति (psāti, “to chew”), or perhaps from earlier *bitsmô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéys-mō ~ *bʰis-m̥nés, from *bʰeydʰ- (“to split”) + *-mō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-an",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "besmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "besman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bismini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besmanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bismini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bismini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*besmō m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-an"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/besmō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"branch, rod"
],
"id": "en-besmō-gmw-pro-noun-FV~L7b0c",
"links": [
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"broom"
],
"id": "en-besmō-gmw-pro-noun-EAoH0eQ2",
"links": [
[
"broom",
"broom"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "besmā"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Akademie-Verlag",
"Berlin",
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
],
"word": "besmō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine an-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "besma"
},
"expansion": "Old English: besma, besema\nMiddle English: besme, beseme, besome, bisme, besm, besom, besowme, besum, besume, besumme, bysme (Late Middle English)\nEnglish: besom\nScots: besom, bisom",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: besma, besema\nMiddle English: besme, beseme, besome, bisme, besm, besom, besowme, besum, besume, besumme, bysme (Late Middle English)\nEnglish: besom\nScots: besom, bisom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "besma"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: besma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: besma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Bäisem"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Bäisem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Bäisem"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "biezem",
"3": "biezzem"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: biezem, biezzem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: biezem, biezzem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "besmo"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: besmo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: besmo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bessem",
"3": "besseme",
"4": "besme",
"5": "bessen",
"6": "bēsem",
"7": "bēseme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: bessem, besseme, besme, bessen, bēsem, bēseme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: bessem, besseme, besme, bessen, bēsem, bēseme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Besem",
"3": "Bessem",
"4": "Bessen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Besem, Bessem, Bessen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Besem, Bessem, Bessen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "bessem"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon: bessem",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Achterhoeks",
"2": "Drents",
"3": "Stellingwerfs",
"4": "Twents"
},
"expansion": "(Achterhoeks, Drents, Stellingwerfs, Twents)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Drents"
},
"expansion": "(Drents)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Dutch Low Saxon: bessem (Achterhoeks, Drents, Stellingwerfs, Twents), bessen (Drents)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "Bassem"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: Bassem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: Bassem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*besemo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *besemo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *besemo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "besem",
"3": "bessem",
"4": "besme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: besem, bessem, besme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: besem, bessem, besme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bezem"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: bezem, bessem (dialectal)\nAfrikaans: besem\nBerbice Creole Dutch: besn, besum",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: bezem, bessem (dialectal)\nAfrikaans: besem\nBerbice Creole Dutch: besn, besum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "besamo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: besamo, besemo, besmo, pesamo\nMiddle High German: bëseme, bësme\nGerman: Besen\nLuxembourgish: Biesem\nYiddish: בעזעם (bezem)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: besamo, besemo, besmo, pesamo\nMiddle High German: bëseme, bësme\nGerman: Besen\nLuxembourgish: Biesem\nYiddish: בעזעם (bezem)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*besmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *besmô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰés-mō ~ *bʰs-m̥nés"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰés-mō ~ *bʰs-m̥nés",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰes-",
"3": "*mō",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to rub, grind"
},
"expansion": "*bʰes- (“to rub, grind”) + *-mō",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ψάω",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ψάω (psáō, “to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्साति",
"t": "to chew"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit प्साति (psāti, “to chew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰéys-mō ~ *bʰis-m̥nés"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰéys-mō ~ *bʰis-m̥nés",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰeydʰ-",
"3": "*mō",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to split"
},
"expansion": "*bʰeydʰ- (“to split”) + *-mō",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; possibly from Proto-Germanic *besmô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰés-mō ~ *bʰs-m̥nés, from *bʰes- (“to rub, grind”) + *-mō, whence Ancient Greek ψάω (psáō, “to rub”), Sanskrit प्साति (psāti, “to chew”), or perhaps from earlier *bitsmô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéys-mō ~ *bʰis-m̥nés, from *bʰeydʰ- (“to split”) + *-mō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-an",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "besmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "besman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bismini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besmanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bismini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bismini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besmum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*besmō m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-an"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/besmō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"branch, rod"
],
"links": [
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Cleaning"
],
"glosses": [
"broom"
],
"links": [
[
"broom",
"broom"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "besmā"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Akademie-Verlag",
"Berlin",
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
],
"word": "besmō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for besmō meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.