See bergъ on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bergatъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bergovitъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bergovъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "coastal swallow",
"word": "bergulja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "coastal swallow",
"word": "bergulica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "coastal fairy, mermaid",
"word": "bergyni"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "берегъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: берегъ (beregŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: бе́регъ (béreh)\nBelarusian: бе́раг (bjérah)\nCarpathian Rusyn: бе́рег (béreh)\nUkrainian: бе́ріг (bérih), бе́рег (béreh)\nRussian: бе́рег (béreg)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: берегъ (beregŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: бе́регъ (béreh)\nBelarusian: бе́раг (bjérah)\nCarpathian Rusyn: бе́рег (béreh)\nUkrainian: бе́ріг (bérih), бе́рег (béreh)\nRussian: бе́рег (béreg)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "брѣгъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: брѣгъ (brěgŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: брѣгъ (brěgŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⰱⱃⱑⰳⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⱑⰳⱏ (brěgŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⱑⰳⱏ (brěgŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бряг"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: бряг (brjag)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: бряг (brjag)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "брег"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: брег (breg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: брег (breg)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "брије̑г",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: брије̑г",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: брије̑г, бре̑г, бриг"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brijȇg",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: brijȇg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: brijȇg, brȇg, brig"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "brẹ̑g",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: brẹ̑g",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "brẹ̑g"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: brẹ̑g (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: brẹ̑g (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "breg",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: breg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: breg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "břěh"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: břěh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: břěh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "břeh"
},
"expansion": "Czech: břeh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: břeh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "brzeg"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: brzeg\nPolish: brzeg\n→ Yiddish: ברעג (breg)\nSilesian: brzyg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: brzeg\nPolish: brzeg\n→ Yiddish: ברעג (breg)\nSilesian: brzyg"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "breh"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: breh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: breh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "brig"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: brig",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: brig"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "brzég"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: brzég",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: brzég"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "brzég"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: brzég",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: brzég"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "brjóh"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: brjóh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: brjóh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "brjog"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: brjog",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: brjog"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰérǵʰos",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰos (“hill”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bergaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bergaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬵"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬵 (bar^əzah)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բերձ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian բերձ (berj)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "berg"
},
"expansion": "Old High German berg",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most linguists derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰos (“hill”), from *bʰerǵʰ-, with Proto-Germanic *bergaz as the exact cognate. Close cognates include Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬵 (bar^əzah), and Old Armenian բերձ (berj). PIE ǵʰ is expected to give PS z, not g. Vasmer suggested that there existed a variant of the *bʰerǵʰ- root with a depalatalised stem-final velar.\nBecause of this unexpected form, some scholars consider it a borrowing from Germanic, e.g. Old High German berg, or from a Venetic-Illyrian language. Per Derksen, this is possible but it lacks a solid basis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bȇrgъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrdzi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bẽrgъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergomà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bergòmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergomà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bergý",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrdzě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "berdzě̃xъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berže",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrdzi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgove",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergovù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bergòvъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgovi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergъmà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergъmà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bergъmì",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bergú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergovù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bergu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgove",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bȇrgъ",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bȇrgъ",
"ap": "c",
"stem": "u"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bergъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "birch",
"word": "berza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "berťi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bank, shore"
],
"id": "en-bergъ-sla-pro-noun-QjW-2oIz",
"links": [
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"shore",
"shore"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"edge"
],
"id": "en-bergъ-sla-pro-noun-ocsQD1fp",
"links": [
[
"edge",
"edge"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*krajь"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hill"
],
"id": "en-bergъ-sla-pro-noun-93~Lsh3e",
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"qualifier": "South Slavic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Slavic) hill"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Rick Derksen",
"uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич"
],
"word": "bergъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic u-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bergatъ"
},
{
"word": "bergovitъ"
},
{
"word": "bergovъ"
},
{
"english": "coastal swallow",
"word": "bergulja"
},
{
"english": "coastal swallow",
"word": "bergulica"
},
{
"english": "coastal fairy, mermaid",
"word": "bergyni"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "берегъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: берегъ (beregŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: бе́регъ (béreh)\nBelarusian: бе́раг (bjérah)\nCarpathian Rusyn: бе́рег (béreh)\nUkrainian: бе́ріг (bérih), бе́рег (béreh)\nRussian: бе́рег (béreg)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: берегъ (beregŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: бе́регъ (béreh)\nBelarusian: бе́раг (bjérah)\nCarpathian Rusyn: бе́рег (béreh)\nUkrainian: бе́ріг (bérih), бе́рег (béreh)\nRussian: бе́рег (béreg)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "брѣгъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: брѣгъ (brěgŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: брѣгъ (brěgŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⰱⱃⱑⰳⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⱑⰳⱏ (brěgŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⱑⰳⱏ (brěgŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бряг"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: бряг (brjag)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: бряг (brjag)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "брег"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: брег (breg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: брег (breg)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "брије̑г",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: брије̑г",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: брије̑г, бре̑г, бриг"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brijȇg",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: brijȇg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: brijȇg, brȇg, brig"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "brẹ̑g",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: brẹ̑g",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "brẹ̑g"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: brẹ̑g (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: brẹ̑g (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "breg",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: breg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: breg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "břěh"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: břěh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: břěh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "břeh"
},
"expansion": "Czech: břeh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: břeh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "brzeg"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: brzeg\nPolish: brzeg\n→ Yiddish: ברעג (breg)\nSilesian: brzyg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: brzeg\nPolish: brzeg\n→ Yiddish: ברעג (breg)\nSilesian: brzyg"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "breh"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: breh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: breh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "brig"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: brig",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: brig"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "brzég"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: brzég",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: brzég"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "brzég"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: brzég",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: brzég"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "brjóh"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: brjóh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: brjóh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "brjog"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: brjog",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: brjog"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰérǵʰos",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰos (“hill”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bergaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bergaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬵"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬵 (bar^əzah)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բերձ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian բերձ (berj)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "berg"
},
"expansion": "Old High German berg",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most linguists derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰos (“hill”), from *bʰerǵʰ-, with Proto-Germanic *bergaz as the exact cognate. Close cognates include Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬵 (bar^əzah), and Old Armenian բերձ (berj). PIE ǵʰ is expected to give PS z, not g. Vasmer suggested that there existed a variant of the *bʰerǵʰ- root with a depalatalised stem-final velar.\nBecause of this unexpected form, some scholars consider it a borrowing from Germanic, e.g. Old High German berg, or from a Venetic-Illyrian language. Per Derksen, this is possible but it lacks a solid basis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bȇrgъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrdzi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bẽrgъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergomà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bergòmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergomà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bergý",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrdzě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "berdzě̃xъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berže",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrdzi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgove",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergovù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bergòvъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgovi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergъmà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergъmà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bergъmì",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bergú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bergovù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgъxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bergu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bȇrgove",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bȇrgъ",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bȇrgъ",
"ap": "c",
"stem": "u"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bergъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "birch",
"word": "berza"
},
{
"word": "berťi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bank, shore"
],
"links": [
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"shore",
"shore"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"edge"
],
"links": [
[
"edge",
"edge"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*krajь"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hill"
],
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"qualifier": "South Slavic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Slavic) hill"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Rick Derksen",
"uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич"
],
"word": "bergъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bergъ meaning in All languages combined (10.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.