"barbarous" meaning in All languages combined

See barbarous on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈbɑː(ɹ)bəɹəs/ Audio: en-us-barbarous.ogg [US] Forms: more barbarous [comparative], most barbarous [superlative]
Etymology: Late Middle English, from Latin barbarus (“foreigner, savage”), from Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, strange”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-}} Middle English, {{der|en|la|barbarus||foreigner, savage}} Latin barbarus (“foreigner, savage”), {{der|en|grc|βάρβαρος||foreign, strange}} Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, strange”) Head templates: {{en-adj}} barbarous (comparative more barbarous, superlative most barbarous)
  1. (said of language) Not classical or pure.
    Sense id: en-barbarous-en-adj-2zYYp4gA
  2. Uncivilized, uncultured.
    Sense id: en-barbarous-en-adj-hEsOOIky Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 25 33 21 21
  3. Mercilessly or impudently violent or cruel, savage.
    Sense id: en-barbarous-en-adj-tj4F6m0b
  4. Like a barbarian, especially in sound; noisy, dissonant.
    Sense id: en-barbarous-en-adj-0KnSIZwl
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: barbarouse [obsolete] Derived forms: barbarously, barbarousness Related terms: barbarian, barbaric

Download JSON data for barbarous meaning in All languages combined (4.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "barbarously"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "barbarousness"
    }
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  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
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        "2": "enm",
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "barbarus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "foreigner, savage"
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      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "βάρβαρος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "foreign, strange"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, strange”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Late Middle English, from Latin barbarus (“foreigner, savage”), from Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, strange”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more barbarous",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most barbarous",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "barbarous (comparative more barbarous, superlative most barbarous)",
      "name": "en-adj"
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  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "barbarian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "barbaric"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1880, Charles Wells, “Introduction to the second edition”, in James Redhouse, Redhouse's Turkish Dictionary, page vii",
          "text": "The original Turkish tongue was somewhat barbarous, but extremely forcible and concise when spoken.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Not classical or pure."
      ],
      "id": "en-barbarous-en-adj-2zYYp4gA",
      "links": [
        [
          "classical",
          "classical"
        ],
        [
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      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(said of language) Not classical or pure."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
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    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 33 21 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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      ],
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        {
          "ref": "1801, Isaac Watts, The improvement of the mind, or A supplement to the art of logic",
          "text": "It is the remark of an ingenious writer, should a barbarous Indian, who had never seen a palace or a ship, view their separate and disjointed parts, and observe the pillars, doors, windows, cornices and turrets of the one, or the prow and stern, the ribs and masts, the ropes and shrouds, the sails and tackle of the other, he would be able to form but a very lame and dark idea of either of those excellent and useful inventions.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1923, Walter de la Mare, Seaton's Aunt",
          "text": "I felt vaguely he was a sneak, and remained quite unmollified by advances on his side, which, in a boy's barbarous fashion, unless it suited me to be magnanimous, I haughtily ignored.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Uncivilized, uncultured."
      ],
      "id": "en-barbarous-en-adj-hEsOOIky",
      "links": [
        [
          "Uncivilized",
          "uncivilized"
        ],
        [
          "uncultured",
          "uncultured"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Mercilessly or impudently violent or cruel, savage."
      ],
      "id": "en-barbarous-en-adj-tj4F6m0b",
      "links": [
        [
          "Mercilessly",
          "merciless"
        ],
        [
          "impudently",
          "impudently"
        ],
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ],
        [
          "cruel",
          "cruel"
        ],
        [
          "savage",
          "savage"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1673, John Milton, I did but prompt the age to quit their cloggs",
          "roman": "Of Owles and Cuckoes, Asses, Apes and Doggs",
          "text": "I did but prompt the age to quit their cloggs\nBy the known rules of antient libertie,\nWhen strait a barbarous noise environs me",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Like a barbarian, especially in sound; noisy, dissonant."
      ],
      "id": "en-barbarous-en-adj-0KnSIZwl",
      "links": [
        [
          "barbarian",
          "barbarian"
        ],
        [
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          "noisy",
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        ]
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    }
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  "sounds": [
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      "ipa": "/ˈbɑː(ɹ)bəɹəs/"
    },
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      "audio": "en-us-barbarous.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/En-us-barbarous.ogg/En-us-barbarous.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/En-us-barbarous.ogg",
      "tags": [
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      "text": "Audio (US)"
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  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "barbarouse"
    }
  ],
  "word": "barbarous"
}
{
  "categories": [
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    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Requests for review of Swahili translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "barbarously"
    },
    {
      "word": "barbarousness"
    }
  ],
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        "2": "la",
        "3": "barbarus",
        "4": "",
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      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "4": "",
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      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, strange”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Late Middle English, from Latin barbarus (“foreigner, savage”), from Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, strange”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more barbarous",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
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    },
    {
      "form": "most barbarous",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "barbarian"
    },
    {
      "word": "barbaric"
    }
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  "senses": [
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      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1880, Charles Wells, “Introduction to the second edition”, in James Redhouse, Redhouse's Turkish Dictionary, page vii",
          "text": "The original Turkish tongue was somewhat barbarous, but extremely forcible and concise when spoken.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Not classical or pure."
      ],
      "links": [
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          "classical"
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        "(said of language) Not classical or pure."
      ],
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    },
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        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
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      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1801, Isaac Watts, The improvement of the mind, or A supplement to the art of logic",
          "text": "It is the remark of an ingenious writer, should a barbarous Indian, who had never seen a palace or a ship, view their separate and disjointed parts, and observe the pillars, doors, windows, cornices and turrets of the one, or the prow and stern, the ribs and masts, the ropes and shrouds, the sails and tackle of the other, he would be able to form but a very lame and dark idea of either of those excellent and useful inventions.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1923, Walter de la Mare, Seaton's Aunt",
          "text": "I felt vaguely he was a sneak, and remained quite unmollified by advances on his side, which, in a boy's barbarous fashion, unless it suited me to be magnanimous, I haughtily ignored.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Uncivilized, uncultured."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Uncivilized",
          "uncivilized"
        ],
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          "uncultured",
          "uncultured"
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    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Mercilessly or impudently violent or cruel, savage."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Mercilessly",
          "merciless"
        ],
        [
          "impudently",
          "impudently"
        ],
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          "violent",
          "violent"
        ],
        [
          "cruel",
          "cruel"
        ],
        [
          "savage",
          "savage"
        ]
      ]
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      "categories": [
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        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1673, John Milton, I did but prompt the age to quit their cloggs",
          "roman": "Of Owles and Cuckoes, Asses, Apes and Doggs",
          "text": "I did but prompt the age to quit their cloggs\nBy the known rules of antient libertie,\nWhen strait a barbarous noise environs me",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Like a barbarian, especially in sound; noisy, dissonant."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "barbarian",
          "barbarian"
        ],
        [
          "sound",
          "sound"
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          "noisy"
        ],
        [
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        ]
      ]
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  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɑː(ɹ)bəɹəs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-barbarous.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/En-us-barbarous.ogg/En-us-barbarous.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/En-us-barbarous.ogg",
      "tags": [
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  "synonyms": [
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      "word": "barbarouse"
    }
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  "word": "barbarous"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.