"astonen" meaning in All languages combined

See astonen on Wiktionary

Verb [Middle English]

IPA: /aˈstunən/ Forms: astoneth [present, singular, third-person], astonende [participle, present], astonynge [participle, present], astoned [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person]
Etymology: Uncertain; either (1) in the earlier normal form *astunien, from Old English *āstunian, from ā- + stunian (“to resound”), or (2) from Old French estoner, from Latin as if *extono, equivalent to attonare (“to strike with a thunderbolt, stun, asonish”) (chiefly in pp. attonitus), from ex (“out”) + tono (“to thunder”). Etymology templates: {{unc|enm}} Uncertain, {{der|enm|ang|*āstunian}} Old English *āstunian, {{der|enm|fro|estoner}} Old French estoner, {{der|enm|la|-}} Latin Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} astonen, {{enm-verb|stem=aston}} astonen (third-person singular simple present astoneth, present participle astonende, astonynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle astoned)
  1. to astonish
    Sense id: en-astonen-enm-verb-GfM52gBa Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for astonen meaning in All languages combined (1.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*āstunian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *āstunian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estoner"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French estoner",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain; either (1) in the earlier normal form *astunien, from Old English *āstunian, from ā- + stunian (“to resound”), or (2) from Old French estoner, from Latin as if *extono, equivalent to attonare (“to strike with a thunderbolt, stun, asonish”) (chiefly in pp. attonitus), from ex (“out”) + tono (“to thunder”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "astoneth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astonende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astonynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astoned",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "astonen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "aston"
      },
      "expansion": "astonen (third-person singular simple present astoneth, present participle astonende, astonynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle astoned)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to astonish"
      ],
      "id": "en-astonen-enm-verb-GfM52gBa",
      "links": [
        [
          "astonish",
          "astonish"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈstunən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "astonen"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*āstunian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *āstunian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estoner"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French estoner",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain; either (1) in the earlier normal form *astunien, from Old English *āstunian, from ā- + stunian (“to resound”), or (2) from Old French estoner, from Latin as if *extono, equivalent to attonare (“to strike with a thunderbolt, stun, asonish”) (chiefly in pp. attonitus), from ex (“out”) + tono (“to thunder”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "astoneth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astonende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astonynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astoned",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "astonen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "aston"
      },
      "expansion": "astonen (third-person singular simple present astoneth, present participle astonende, astonynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle astoned)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
        "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Middle English terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Middle English verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to astonish"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "astonish",
          "astonish"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈstunən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "astonen"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.