See astern on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ahead"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "astern of"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "drop astern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stern",
"t1": "towards",
"t2": "rear part of a vessel"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more astern",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most astern",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "astern (comparative more astern, superlative most astern)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 40 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, page 50:",
"text": "After we had row'd, or rather driven about a League and a Half, as we reckon'd it, a raging Wave, Mountain-like, came rowling a-stern of us, and plainly bad us expect the Coup-de-Grace.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Behind (a vessel); in the rear."
],
"id": "en-astern-en-adv-pCvkiG~8",
"links": [
[
"Behind",
"behind"
],
[
"rear",
"rear"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 9 79 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the direction of the stern; backward (motion); to the rear."
],
"id": "en-astern-en-adv-gMe-vqAa",
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"backward",
"backward"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 73 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nazad",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "назад"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 73 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zad kǎrmata",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "зад кърмата"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 73 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "taakse"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 73 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "achtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 73 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "hacia atrás"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"At or toward the rear of a vessel."
],
"id": "en-astern-en-adv-E~cGxhLZ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or rare) At or toward the rear of a vessel."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-astern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"word": "astern"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stern",
"t1": "towards",
"t2": "rear part of a vessel"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "astern (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 15 32 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 27 18 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English locatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 9 23 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 7 20 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 6 13 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 12 30 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 14 25 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 15 22 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 5 18 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If one ship is following another, the first is astern of the second."
},
{
"ref": "1838, M. Guizot, edited by J. Stuart Wortley, Memoirs of George Monk, Duke of Albemarle, London: Richard Bentley, page 307:",
"text": "When we first espied the Dutch fleet sailing towards us, our whole blue squadron was astern much farther from us, so that Prince Rupert thought it absolutely necessary to slacken sail that they might have time to join us.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1872, Hunt's Yachting Magazine, volume 21, page 288:",
"text": "Every yachtsman knows that if the ballast of a ship be too afore or too astern.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1883, Lieutenant J. Menteith Brebner, RETURN WRECKS AND CASUALTIES IN INDIAN WATERS, page 140:",
"text": "The chief engineer's evidence of the S.S. Lennox was the best given; but, as will be seen, he asserted that from the orders he received the Lennox's course was more astern than ahead.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1883, Alexander George Findlay, A Sailing Directory for the Ethiopic Or South Atlantic Ocean:",
"text": "but when near Cape Palmas the wind will perhaps be more astern",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1901, W. Clark Russell, The Ship's Adventure, Westminster: Archibald Constable, page 304:",
"text": "The galley fire was lighted; coffee was boiled; the sun shone brightly, and the ship astern was coming up fast.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1966, Peter Padfield, The Titanic and the Californian, page 233:",
"text": "The steamer was more than ahead of us, just on our quarter as we say, and the light was more astern.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Behind a vessel; having a bearing of 180 degrees from ahead."
],
"id": "en-astern-en-adj-jYjEW77M",
"links": [
[
"Behind",
"behind"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"bearing",
"bearing"
],
[
"ahead",
"ahead"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zad",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "зад"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "takana"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "perän puolella"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "achterlich"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "detrás"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "a popa"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-astern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"word": "astern"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ahead"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English locatives",
"English terms prefixed with a-",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Nautical"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "astern of"
},
{
"word": "drop astern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stern",
"t1": "towards",
"t2": "rear part of a vessel"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more astern",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most astern",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "astern (comparative more astern, superlative most astern)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, page 50:",
"text": "After we had row'd, or rather driven about a League and a Half, as we reckon'd it, a raging Wave, Mountain-like, came rowling a-stern of us, and plainly bad us expect the Coup-de-Grace.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Behind (a vessel); in the rear."
],
"links": [
[
"Behind",
"behind"
],
[
"rear",
"rear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In the direction of the stern; backward (motion); to the rear."
],
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"backward",
"backward"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"At or toward the rear of a vessel."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or rare) At or toward the rear of a vessel."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-astern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nazad",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "назад"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zad kǎrmata",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "зад кърмата"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "taakse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "achtern"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "hacia atrás"
}
],
"word": "astern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English locatives",
"English terms prefixed with a-",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Nautical"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stern",
"t1": "towards",
"t2": "rear part of a vessel"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "astern (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If one ship is following another, the first is astern of the second."
},
{
"ref": "1838, M. Guizot, edited by J. Stuart Wortley, Memoirs of George Monk, Duke of Albemarle, London: Richard Bentley, page 307:",
"text": "When we first espied the Dutch fleet sailing towards us, our whole blue squadron was astern much farther from us, so that Prince Rupert thought it absolutely necessary to slacken sail that they might have time to join us.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1872, Hunt's Yachting Magazine, volume 21, page 288:",
"text": "Every yachtsman knows that if the ballast of a ship be too afore or too astern.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1883, Lieutenant J. Menteith Brebner, RETURN WRECKS AND CASUALTIES IN INDIAN WATERS, page 140:",
"text": "The chief engineer's evidence of the S.S. Lennox was the best given; but, as will be seen, he asserted that from the orders he received the Lennox's course was more astern than ahead.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1883, Alexander George Findlay, A Sailing Directory for the Ethiopic Or South Atlantic Ocean:",
"text": "but when near Cape Palmas the wind will perhaps be more astern",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1901, W. Clark Russell, The Ship's Adventure, Westminster: Archibald Constable, page 304:",
"text": "The galley fire was lighted; coffee was boiled; the sun shone brightly, and the ship astern was coming up fast.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1966, Peter Padfield, The Titanic and the Californian, page 233:",
"text": "The steamer was more than ahead of us, just on our quarter as we say, and the light was more astern.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Behind a vessel; having a bearing of 180 degrees from ahead."
],
"links": [
[
"Behind",
"behind"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"bearing",
"bearing"
],
[
"ahead",
"ahead"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-astern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zad",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "зад"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "takana"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "perän puolella"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "achterlich"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "detrás"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "a popa"
}
],
"word": "astern"
}
Download raw JSONL data for astern meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: nautical",
"path": [
"astern"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "astern",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: nautical",
"path": [
"astern"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "astern",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.