See astern on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for astern meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ahead"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "astern of"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "drop astern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stern",
"t1": "towards",
"t2": "rear part of a vessel"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more astern",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most astern",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "astern (comparative more astern, superlative most astern)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 46 20 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Behind (a vessel); in the rear."
],
"id": "en-astern-en-adv-pCvkiG~8",
"links": [
[
"Behind",
"behind"
],
[
"rear",
"rear"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 10 48 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the direction of the stern; backward (motion); to the rear."
],
"id": "en-astern-en-adv-gMe-vqAa",
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"backward",
"backward"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 73 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nazad",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "назад"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 73 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zad kǎrmata",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "зад кърмата"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 73 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "taakse"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 73 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "achtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 73 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "hacia atrás"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"At or toward the rear of a vessel."
],
"id": "en-astern-en-adv-E~cGxhLZ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or rare) At or toward the rear of a vessel."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-astern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "astern"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stern",
"t1": "towards",
"t2": "rear part of a vessel"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "astern (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "61 19 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 21 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 31 10 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English locatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If one ship is following another, the first is astern of the second."
},
{
"ref": "1838, M. Guizot, edited by J. Stuart Wortley, Memoirs of George Monk, Duke of Albemarle, London: Richard Bentley, page 307",
"text": "When we first espied the Dutch fleet sailing towards us, our whole blue squadron was astern much farther from us, so that Prince Rupert thought it absolutely necessary to slacken sail that they might have time to join us.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1872, Hunt's Yachting Magazine, volume 21, page 288",
"text": "Every yachtsman knows that if the ballast of a ship be too afore or too astern.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1883, Lieutenant J. Menteith Brebner, RETURN WRECKS AND CASUALTIES IN INDIAN WATERS, page 140",
"text": "The chief engineer's evidence of the S.S. Lennox was the best given; but, as will be seen, he asserted that from the orders he received the Lennox's course was more astern than ahead.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1883, Alexander George Findlay, A Sailing Directory for the Ethiopic Or South Atlantic Ocean",
"text": "but when near Cape Palmas the wind will perhaps be more astern",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1901, W. Clark Russell, The Ship's Adventure, Westminster: Archibald Constable, page 304",
"text": "The galley fire was lighted; coffee was boiled; the sun shone brightly, and the ship astern was coming up fast.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1966, Peter Padfield, The Titanic and the Californian, page 233",
"text": "The steamer was more than ahead of us, just on our quarter as we say, and the light was more astern.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Behind a vessel; having a bearing of 180 degrees from ahead."
],
"id": "en-astern-en-adj-jYjEW77M",
"links": [
[
"Behind",
"behind"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"bearing",
"bearing"
],
[
"ahead",
"ahead"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zad",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "зад"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "takana"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "perän puolella"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "achterlich"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "detrás"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "a popa"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-astern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "astern"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ahead"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English locatives",
"English terms prefixed with a-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/2 syllables",
"en:Nautical"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "astern of"
},
{
"word": "drop astern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stern",
"t1": "towards",
"t2": "rear part of a vessel"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more astern",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most astern",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "astern (comparative more astern, superlative most astern)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Behind (a vessel); in the rear."
],
"links": [
[
"Behind",
"behind"
],
[
"rear",
"rear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In the direction of the stern; backward (motion); to the rear."
],
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"backward",
"backward"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"At or toward the rear of a vessel."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or rare) At or toward the rear of a vessel."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-astern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nazad",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "назад"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zad kǎrmata",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "зад кърмата"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "taakse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "achtern"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "hacia atrás"
}
],
"word": "astern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English locatives",
"English terms prefixed with a-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/2 syllables",
"en:Nautical"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stern",
"t1": "towards",
"t2": "rear part of a vessel"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“towards”) + stern (“rear part of a vessel”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "astern (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If one ship is following another, the first is astern of the second."
},
{
"ref": "1838, M. Guizot, edited by J. Stuart Wortley, Memoirs of George Monk, Duke of Albemarle, London: Richard Bentley, page 307",
"text": "When we first espied the Dutch fleet sailing towards us, our whole blue squadron was astern much farther from us, so that Prince Rupert thought it absolutely necessary to slacken sail that they might have time to join us.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1872, Hunt's Yachting Magazine, volume 21, page 288",
"text": "Every yachtsman knows that if the ballast of a ship be too afore or too astern.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1883, Lieutenant J. Menteith Brebner, RETURN WRECKS AND CASUALTIES IN INDIAN WATERS, page 140",
"text": "The chief engineer's evidence of the S.S. Lennox was the best given; but, as will be seen, he asserted that from the orders he received the Lennox's course was more astern than ahead.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1883, Alexander George Findlay, A Sailing Directory for the Ethiopic Or South Atlantic Ocean",
"text": "but when near Cape Palmas the wind will perhaps be more astern",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1901, W. Clark Russell, The Ship's Adventure, Westminster: Archibald Constable, page 304",
"text": "The galley fire was lighted; coffee was boiled; the sun shone brightly, and the ship astern was coming up fast.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1966, Peter Padfield, The Titanic and the Californian, page 233",
"text": "The steamer was more than ahead of us, just on our quarter as we say, and the light was more astern.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Behind a vessel; having a bearing of 180 degrees from ahead."
],
"links": [
[
"Behind",
"behind"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"bearing",
"bearing"
],
[
"ahead",
"ahead"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-astern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-astern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zad",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "зад"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "takana"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "perän puolella"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "achterlich"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "detrás"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "behind (adj)",
"word": "a popa"
}
],
"word": "astern"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: nautical",
"path": [
"astern"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "astern",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: nautical",
"path": [
"astern"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "astern",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.